Future&Innovation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3750 words

Future&Innovation - Essay Example Bundled travel showcase by visit administrators and online travel organization bundles, 2000-2008 (US$B) 3 Figure 2: U.S. what's more, U.K. absolute travel market and bundle travel share 2008 (US$B) 4 Figure 3: Forces influencing on Paradise Travels 7 Figure 4: The four P development space 9 Figure 5: Forces following up on Paradise Travels and the methodology to be received by the organization to counter these powers 10 Figure 6: The procedure of advancement process for Paradise Travels 11 Figure 7: Framework for basic assessment 14 Figure 8: Paradise Travels †area of high road shops 19 Figure 9: Adopting Shibata's critical thinking model adjusted to help take care of Paradise Travels’ issues 21 Photo credit Cover page Image URL: http://www.wanderwoman.com/pictures/hiking_samaria_gorge.jpg Section 1: Industry Overview 1.1 Macroeconomic and natural factors The effect of the worldwide money related emergency was additionally noticeable on the movement business, and especia lly on air travel and visit business. A huge quantities of little players disappeared from the visit operators’ radar during these years; in excess of 75 air travel and visit administrators shut their shop inside the previous three years (Air Travel Insolvency Protection Advisory Committee, 2010, p.13). The business is at present cruising through one of the most troublesome occasions because of various macroeconomic and ecological components. These are talked about as follows: 1.1.1 Environmental effect Eruption of the Eyjafjallajolkull spring of gushing lava shut the UK airspace for six days and an impressive part of EU airspace, causing flight deferrals and undoings all through the world (Air Travel Insolvency Protection Advisory Committee, 2010, p.6). This episode influenced unfavorably on the shopper certainty as it was seen that quickly following the emission, appointments dropped pointedly (Air Travel Insolvency Protection Advisory Committee, 2010). 1.2 Issues looked by the business Air Travel Insolvency Protection Advisory Committee (2010) recorded a portion of the issues presently looked by the business. These are examined underneath: 1.2.1 Weak interest A branch of powerless shopper certainty was seen legitimately on the feeble interest it as of now applied on the business. To recover buyer certainty is maybe the most significant issue the business confronted as of now. 1.2.2 Weak real Once in their vacation goals, shortcoming of Sterling had dissolved the occasion creators spending powers; a pattern saw for the most part in Eurozone occasion goals. This influenced antagonistically customer recognition as buyer desires didn't coordinate the shopper experience. 1.2.3 Shifting endlessly of occasion appointments Another disturbing pattern was moving of appointments to conventional occasion destinati

Tower Cranes free essay sample

Power Force can be characterized as that which makes a mass quicken. Power has basic units of pounds power (lbs) or Newtons ? Speeding up (F=M ·A). At the end of the day 1 Newton is the power required to quicken 1 kilogram by 1 m/sec2, or 1 pound power is the power required to quicken 1 slug by 1 foot/sec2. You will see that the royal unit for power is pounds power and not simply pounds. There is a typical mistake in our language that is just extremely significant when discussing material science. The word weight really alludes to a power †this is the reason your weight on the moon isn't equivalent to your weight on earth. To completely comprehend this we have to analyze the numerical significance behind the power term. Two parts go into computing a power; the first is mass, the second is speeding up. What is mass? Mass is the measure of stuff present in a given example, lets state an individual. We will compose a custom exposition test on Tower Cranes or then again any comparative theme explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page A person’s mass will be a similar whether on earth or the moon †in the two places that individual is comprised of a similar measure of stuff. Mass has two basic units; kilograms (kg) and slugs. So an individual may have a mass of 70 kg or 4. 78 slugs. For the case of weight, or the descending static power applied by an article, the quickening of intrigue is the speeding up because of gravity. The speeding up because of gravity can be characterized as the draw one article applies on another. For this draw to be felt, one of the items must be incredibly monstrous. For the vast majority the most monstrous article they will experience is the earth. The increasing speed because of gravity on the earth is 9. meters/sec2 or 32. 2 feet/sec2. So an individual on earth may gauge (70kg x 9. 8m/sec2) = 686 Newtons or (4. 78 slugs x 32. 2 feet/sec2) = 154 lbs. On the moon a similar individual will gauge (70kg x 1. 62 m/sec2) = 113 Newtons or (4. 78 slugs x 5. 32 ft/sec2) = 25 lbs. So when an individual says they weigh 154 lbs they are by and large consistent with material science, however when they state they weigh 154 kg, they’ re really alluding to their mass. As a further turn, it’s likewise intriguing to take note of that the quickening because of gravity changes with elevation. So your weight adrift level will be somewhat extraordinary that your weight at the highest point of a mountain (Newton’s law of attractive energy Fg = G ? gravitational consistent). ? kg ? m ? . The condition used to numerically characterize power is Force = Mass x 2 ? ? sec ? m1 ? m2 , where G is the r2 Stress is characterized as power per unit zone and has the basic units of Pounds power per Square Inch (psi) or Pascals (Pa) (a Pascal is a Newton for each square meter or kg/m sec2). In development there are five essential kinds of stress which concern engineers. These are bowing, malleable, compressive, shear, and torsional stress (see picture beneath). To manufacture Popsicle stick spans we are extremely just keen on twisting, pressure, and malleable anxieties. At the point when we investigate twisting we’ll see that it is only a mix of tractable and compressive burdens. Of these three kinds of stress tractable is maybe the most straightforward to gauge. Accordingly designers will take tests of material and, utilizing uncommon machines, subject them to ever more elevated tractable burdens until they break. By isolating the power at which the example breaks by the cross sectional region of the example the materials Ultimate Tensile Stress (UTS) can be resolved. A definitive elastic pressure is given the image ? (Greek letter sigma), and basically speaks to the quality of a material. For correlations purpose an example of plain carbon steel may have an UTS of 50,000 psi, while pine (which is the thing that Popsicle sticks are made of) might have an UTS of 1,000 psi. Recognize that UTS isn't the main significant thought while choosing a material, however material determination is somewhat outside the extent of this synopsis. Let’s investigate pressure and pressure. Pressure is the pressure a component encounters when presented to a pulling power. To get an inclination for pressure consider a bit of string. String can just experience strain; it can't avoid pushing or twisting. Pressure is something contrary to strain; it’s the pressure a component encounters when presented to a pushing power. Sand is a case of a substance which can just experience pressure. A segment of sand can bolster a huge burden, yet can't avoid any pulling power. As most materials have distinctive elastic and compressive stacking possibilities, it is essential to realize what kind of powers will be applied on each part in a structure or extension. Twisting consolidates both pliable and compressive powers in a solitary component. To show this, investigate the image underneath. It’s entirely evident from this image twisting places one face into pressure while the other is in pressure. It additionally consistently follows from this end sooner or later between the two appearances there must be where there is no strain or pressure. This point is known as the impartial hub. The mass of material above and beneath the nonpartisan hub will consistently be equivalent. So in an even part the nonpartisan pivot will be along the midline, however won't really be along the midline in an unpredictably formed part. This straightforward idea of influence can be utilized to clarify a few increasingly complex ideas in auxiliary building. The first is the reason it’s simpler to break a Popsicle stick when it’s twisted on its level side rather than its edge. To disclose this we need to clarify the idea of influence. This one is quite basic and can without much of a stretch be exhibited by the study hall entryway. Influence (likewise called second or torque) happens when a power is applied to an item which can turn about a rotate point. On account of the homeroom entryway the rotate is the pivot and the power applied originates from the individual needing to open the entryway. On account of bowing a Popsicle stick the rotate is the impartial hub and the power we’re worried about is the strain or pressure outwardly faces. Second is determined by increasing the power applied by the good ways from the purpose of power application to the turn. In the event that you increment the applied power, or the good ways from the rotate point, the second increments. That’s why entryway handles are put as a long way from the pivot as conceivable †we make the good ways from the purpose of power application to the turn point as extensive as could be expected under the circumstances, that way a little applied power will make an enormous second. So the Popsicle stick is more enthusiastically to break when twisted tense on the grounds that we’ve expanded the good ways from the impartial hub to the point of greatest power. Clarify the contrast between tractable, twisting, and compressive powers with instances of the conditions used to ascertain each. Clarify bracket components and why they are a prevalent method of building a scaffold. Test FEM yield for basic extension plan o Calculate the measure of popsicle leaves required to make a straightforward shaft with a similar quality as a bracket component. Insights on building a solid extension o Truss o Strength originates from the Popsicle sticks, not the paste †however very much stuck joints are an absolute necessity. Extra data: http://andrew. triumf. ca/andrew/popsicle-connect/http://www. eir. ca/assets/introductions/Bridges%20-%20By%20Doug%20Knight. doc

Finals, Oh Finals!

Finals, Oh Finals! When the semester winds down, we all know students dread final exams the most. They are long, hard to study for, and require mental stamina that one has not exhibited throughout the whole season of school. However, there are things a student at the University of Illinois can do to make this time of the year as tolerable as possible. Courtesy of QuotesGram First, a student can use a method I call trickle studying. That is the act of reviewing small topics each day in the week or so before final exams. An example would be reading notes on chapters 1-3 in a 20-chapter class in one day a week before the final and keep doing a similar thing each day for each necessary class. Doing so allows for you to have maximum focus and allows for maximum retention of the material in that period of time, due to the small quantity. It also gives you a chance to ask questions on older units which you typically review first. This method, I noticed, helps a student to digest a mass amount of knowledge slowly and comfortably, just like a big meal. Courtesy of Anticap on WordPress Also, do not overstudy. When looking over past notes and readings, do not try to look too deeply into things. As a transfer student who had to adapt to less non-testing points in university classes, I noticed that to take these exams successfully, I had to study the material lightly but covering the entire  breadth of material. Most exams at the University of Illinois require only the base knowledge or depth, which will be natural to a well-prepared student to unearth during the test. Overstudying causes students to typically overthink the questions and not only burn time, but also costs points when they find out the question was of a simpler nature than expected. Therefore, study at a level which is not too intense  and covers more concepts instead. Exams are typically not out to trick you and thus will not contain the few really complex problems/issues discussed in texts. Courtesy of Youtube Finally, act as though the test is not graded and is just a piece of work that needs to be completed. This is tough to do but causes a student to not worry in a testing environment. By mentally putting ones self into a place where the idea of points is gone, you are able to perform without anxiety.  I have high test anxiety and typically try to act as if I am just filling out a form at home, and I also try to not do anything academic the hours before a test, so I can enter calmly or as if I almost forgot I was testing that day. A student cannot let a test mentally beat them up before it comes upon them. That is why when it comes to finals week at the University of Illinois, a student must study slowly, not think too deeply into things, and just relax, doing uplifting activities on the day an exam occurs. Courtesy of The Odyssey Jacob Class of 2018 I am a transfer student studying Engineering Physics in the College of Engineering. I started with the Illinois Engineering Pathways program through the College of DuPage. I am from Naperville, Illinois.

Nuclear Energy Energy of the Future or Imminent Disaster

Nuclear Energy: Energy of the Future or Imminent Disaster Background Since the year 1954 people have been faced with the conundrum of nuclear energy. This process though unfamiliar with some, is when decaying uranium heats water that then turns a turbine which produces energy. In the coming years nuclear energy is going to play a major part in the worlds energy consumption if we are to meet carbon goals. Though nuclear energy has been around for over fifty years the battle still wages on over its use throughout the world. Con When most people hear nuclear energy the first thing that comes to there mind is nuclear disasters. One of the most notable events that took place â€Å"On April 26, 1986,[when] human error resulted in an explosion at†¦show more content†¦Despite this â€Å"Industry representatives and federal officers have fought to build a single national waste repository at Yucca Mountain, in the Nevada desert. Recent studies, however, show that the mountain, formerly believed to be dry, may leak water, which would make it an unacceptable vault.† (Mark 5) With the vault not scheduled to open until 2021 the logistical nightmare of transporting the waste can still be worked on. This waste can also be reused as nuclear energy or refined to make a crude nuclear weapon. Even though â€Å"President Jimmy Carter banned the use of reprocessing technologies in all U.S. reactors in 1977, but such programs are still in operation in Japan, England, France, Russia, and India.† This rep rocessing could lead to unstable and dangerous nuclear rods. Though the more scary problem is that of proliferation which is the processes of nuclear power extracting â€Å"plutonium that can be used to make nuclear weapons. The final major problem with nuclear energy is that vast amount of capital required to construct such facilities. Once touted as power so cheap you won’t need a meter â€Å"In fact, it is almost too expensive to meter, due to its problems of design complexity, safety, security, and waste handling.† (Pearson 2) The extremely high cost of nuclear plants â€Å"therefore steal funds away from both more efficient energy sourcesShow MoreRelatedThe Nuclear Predicament1126 Words   |  5 PagesIn recent times, the issue of sustainable energy has resurfaced frequently in politics. The current popular energy sources used today include gasoline, coal, and other fossil fuels. These fossil fuels pollute the environment and contribute to various harmful effec ts. This energy source has sustained not only America, but also the entire world population for well over a century and has proven to have a very high energy output. Despite this output, the supply of fossil fuels is finite and becomingRead MoreNuclear Energy : The Future Of Power1330 Words   |  6 Pages Nuclear Energy: The Future of Power Energy runs the world. From cell phones to cars to computers, every technological advancement of the last millennium is dependent on one basic fundamental: the need for energy. However, within the last century, a global energy crisis has shocked the earth. Current power production methods pollute the environment, tearing ecosystems apart and destroying species. A clean, renewable, and powerful energy source is needed to survive. Nuclear energy is this sourceRead MoreThe Ethics Of The Chernobyl Nuclear Plant3439 Words   |  14 PagesChernobyl Nuclear Plant Introduction In the modern society, energy is considered one of our most valuable resources. Humanity has managed to tap several sources of energy and utilize it for their daily activities. Almost everything in the society is dependent on energy; otherwise, humanity would cease to exist. The sources of energy vary from firewood, solar energy, geothermal energy and nuclear energy. The sources vary depending on the amount of energy that can be harnessed. Nuclear energy is a controversialRead MoreEthos, Pathos and Nuclear Energy1265 Words   |  6 PagesEthos, Pathos and Nuclear Energy Something always curious and provoking happens in science writing. Gwyneth Cravens is an author of five novels and many publications, and one who studies a topic in great detail. She creates an enormous work about nuclear energy for the last decade. Cravens’s research in her last published book titled Power to Save the World: The Truth About Nuclear Energy has led her to do an about-face on the issue. In her article â€Å"Better Energy† which was published in May 2008Read MoreChernobyl: One of the Greatest Accidents the World Would Learn From1714 Words   |  7 PagesThe world has seen numerous engineering disasters and from each one, has gained insight to better prepare for future calamities. However, it is very difficult to fully foresee how an accident might occur just by looking back to past disasters. In addition, it is even harder to prepare for something that hasn’t even happened before. The Chernobyl accident is a prime example of an event that couldnâ €™t be fully prevented just by looking to past disasters or even predicting this exact accident. PsychologicalRead MoreFossil Fuels And Its Effects On The Environment1175 Words   |  5 Pages Fossil fuels, including coal, oil and natural gas, are currently the world s primary energy source. Fossil fuels have powered economic growth worldwide since the industrial revolution, but they are nonrenewable resources and can severely damage the environment. According to the Environmental Protection Agency, the burning of fossil fuels was responsible for 79 percent of U.S. greenhouse gas emissions in 2010. Although efficiency can help reduce emissions produced by the burning of fossil fuelsRead MoreNuclear Energy Can Prevent Climate Change Essay2901 Words   |  12 Pagesrelies heavily on foreign sources for the energy to run the country. The issue has received much media attention due to the political and economic implications it will have in the near future. This problem could at le ast be partially solved by using technology that already exists, rather than relying heavily on ones that have yet to come to fruition. America’s energy woes – specifically its reliance on fossil fuels – can be solved by reviving nuclear energy with the use of politics to tackle perceivedRead MoreNuclear Power: Problem or Solution2397 Words   |  10 PagesNuclear power is complicated. A nuclear power plant provides energy that does not contribute to global warming. Climate concerns have seen a rise in the construction of new reactors to address growing demands of electricity worldwide. Currently the United States and Canada receive 20% of their electric power from nuclear plants. The rest of the world is at 6% but rising. The benefits drive the nuclear energy movement and continue to do so and the proponents of nuclear power see this as an indispensableRead MoreHistory 175 Quiz 41448 Words   |  6 Pagesachieve dï ¿ ½tente with the Soviet Union. | 5.   The Tet Offensive was an important turning point for President Lyndon Johnson because    | the president had ignored intelligence that warned the attack was imminent. |    | military leaders refused to act on intelligence that the attack was imminent. |    | it underscored the credibility gap between official statements and the wars actual progress. |    | he was forced to cancel a planned visit to South Vietnam. | 6.   The movement in the UnitedRead MoreFossil Fuels : The World s Primary Energy Source1185 Words   |  5 Pages Fossil fuels, including coal, oil and natural gas, are currently the world s primary energy source. Formed from organic material over the course of millions of years, fossil fuels have fueled U.S. and global economic development over the past century. Yet fossil fuels are finite resources and they can also irreparably harm the environment. According to the Environmental Protection Agency, the burning of fossil fuels was responsible for 79 percent of U.S. greenhouse gas emissions in 2010. These

Modernism vs. Post-Modernism - 1338 Words

Modernism sociologically, is a discipline that arose in direct response to the social problems of modernity (Harriss 2000, 325); the term most generally refers to the social conditions, processes, and discourses of 1438-1789 and extending to the 1970s or later (Toulmin 1992, 3–5). Modernity may also refer to tendencies in intellectual culture, particularly the movements intertwined with secularization and post-industrial life, such as Marxism, existentialism, and the formal establishment of social science. Modernism | Advantage | Disadvantages | 1. Man learns to socialize through language and become part of the society (Marx). | 1. Man becomes a form imaged of the society through conforming what they think is right or wrong. |†¦show more content†¦But we must take note that it is not limited to hostile or antagonistic opposition; it is not wholly a clash of coercive powers as often is implied, but of any opposing social powers. When an oppressed becomes aware of th eir situation they want change in social order that maybe manifested through debating, arguing, or disputing; of bargaining powers through haggling, negotiating, and many more. Deviant people push a society’s moral boundaries, suggesting alternatives to the status quo and encouraging change. According to Durheim â€Å"todays deviance can be tomorrow’s morality†. Rallies and protesters population increase means more people is part of socially constructed reality that emerges in interaction. According to Emile Durkheim social phenomena must be explained sociologically not psychologically. In his now classic work, Suicide he was interested in explaining a social phenomenon, suicide, and employed both data and theory to offer an explanation. By aggregating data for large groups of people in Europe, Durkheim was able to discern patterns in suicide rates and connect those patterns with another concept (or variable): religious affiliation. Durkheim found that Protestants were more likely to commit suicide than were Catholics. At this point, Durkheim s analysis was still in the data stage; he had not proposed an explanation for the different suicide rates of the two groups. It was when Durkheim introduced the ideas of anomie and social solidarity that he beganShow MoreRelatedPost Modernism vs. Modernism870 Words   |  4 PagesModernism vs. Post Modernism The ideas of modernism and post modernism are fundamentally different. Modernism is the belief that human beings can improve their environment, using scientific knowledge, technology and putting all of those things into practice. Modernism is prevalent in the field of arts. The concept of post modernism looks at the ideas behind modernism and questions whether they really exist. (wikipedia) Modernism began in the early 1800s. It emerged with Manet and BaudelaireRead More Modernism vs Neo-Traditionalism Essay1058 Words   |  5 Pages Modernism vs Neo-Traditionalism: A debate on the merits and failures of two major competing paradigms in architecture and urban planning. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Beyond the term modernism underlies one of the greatest ideas in architectural development. Modernism was meant to provide more green areas, cheaper housing and more efficient use of space. This was to be accomplished by creating vertically dense spaces with the use of the new inventions of the nineteenth century, such as steel, glassRead MoreModernism Versus Postmodernism918 Words   |  4 PagesModernism vs. Postmodernism Post-modernism follows and shares many of the same ideas as modernism. Though, at the same time, they differ in many ways. These distinctions can be seen in the two works of literature, â€Å"Death of a Salesman† by Arthur Miller and â€Å"Glengarry Glen Ross† by David Mamet. â€Å"Death of a Salesman† represents the modernist literature. Modernism is a style of literature that came about after World War I in Europe. It emerged in the United States in the late 1920s. ModernismRead MorePostmodernism : Modernism And Postmodernism2457 Words   |  10 PagesThis paper outlines, argues and evaluates the key ideas used in debates about modernism and postmodernism. In order to understand and evaluate the key ideas the terms modernism and postmodernism had to be defined. I found much difficulty in finding a clear and concise definition of the two terms and so I researched and formed a train of thoughts into one definition. Modernism, beginning in the late nineteenth century and early twentieth century within Europe and America, was a movement mainly pioneeredRead MoreThe Contributions of Post Development Theory3644 Words   |  15 Pagespolitical ideologies. This was the moment also to commence to make some certain judgments regarding the project of development and its basic tenets which led to the raise of the new approach called Post Development (PD) theory. PD has also some common roots and values in the fundamentals of Post-modernism as well. These theories emerged during the 1980s and reached their climax during 1990s. However, since the rise of these theories, in the development agenda, some critiques and debates has come outRead MoreModernist Modernism : High Modernism Vs. Low Modernism1944 Words   |  8 Pages Modern or Modernist? High Modernism vs. Low Modernism Damian Sun 1238719 University of Waikato â€Æ' Modernism was a movement that was developed during the late nineteenth century and early twentieth century. Modernism developed due to the changes happening in societies at the time. Around the late nineteenth century and early twentieth century there was a rise in the industrial society’s where there were advancements in technologies and machines, and a rapid growths in cities. This lead to aRead MoreThe Developments Of The Twentieth Century Essay1603 Words   |  7 PagesThe emergence of the anti-aesthetic was key to these developments, challenging society the conventions of traditional â€Å"high art†. The change in medium-specificity also questioned society as to what defined art? Artists approached these shifts in modernism by embracing and accepting the modernizations in the world. These new accommodations of the world are seen in the works of art by Marcel Duchamp, with his Fountain, Andy Warhol’s 100 Cans, and Robert Morris Untitled. Artists would be inc ompatibleRead MoreEssay about Walter Gropius and The Bauhaus Movement1312 Words   |  6 Pages Simplicity vs. over simple? The Bauhaus, meaning house of construction was the most influential art school that combined the fine arts and the crafts as one. The Bauhaus was a modernist movement founded in 1919 by Walter Gropius in Weimar Yet, the Memphis Group was a post modernist movement. Established by Ettore Sottsass, the Memphis Group was a group of Italian designers and architects. Founded in Milan in 1981, the group challenged the perception of ‘good design’ through ornamental pieces. TheRead MoreNational Identity- A Semse of a Nation as a Cohesive Whole Essay1273 Words   |  6 Pagesbrings back the national identity of a country, no matter how subtle it may be. Architectural styles have constantly been challenged and questioned throughout history so why cant this one? A key issue that arises from this is the idea of Preservation vs Modernisation. Preservation is a key aspect in keeping a national identity but this should not hold back the evolution of a country. Sentimentality should not take centre stage and preservation should only be acknowledged if the architecture can fulfilRead MoreStrengths And Weaknesses Of Postmodernism713 Words   |  3 Pagesdisciplines, postmodernism arose in response to the dominant idea of modernism, which is described as the social condition of living in an urban, fast-changing progressivist world governed by instrumental reason. Postmodernism or postculturalism, a term often also used, offer a very different and much more radical version of constructivism. They are strongly opposed to the universalist premises of realism, liberalism, Marxism and post-Marxism, and are highly critical of the general phenomenon of the

Unethical Profiteering Private Prisons - 942 Words

Milton Carbajal Professor Flavia Ruzi English 1B 20 January, 2015 Unethical Profiteering: Private Prisons’ Lack of Result Privately owned prisons are prisons operated by private entities for profit. They can be owned by individuals or companies and earn money through unethical practices. These prisons are supposed to cut cost, which they do by providing dangerous living conditions, submitting workers (both convicts and prison employees) to unethical work conditions, understaffing, and underpaying (Blesset 9). By cutting cost owners of theses prisons thrive financially from the imprisonment of criminals which is unethical. By understaffing prisons, owners save a significant amount of money because of fewer salaries, benefits, training fees, equipment, etc. Less workers puts extra stress on the prison guards who are assigned workloads usually handed to multiple guard (Blesset 24). This creates the possibility of more prison crimes involving both staff and prisoners (Benjamin 98). Guards faced with psychological and physical trauma due to stabbings or other violent crimes may behave more aggressively toward prisoners. This could create a cycle of aggression that harms all people involved with prisons. Privately owned prisons are equally (if not more) susceptible to this type of aggressive environment (Horent and Taylor 42). The lack of safety in these prison will make any logical person wonder why there is not more money inputted into safety. The answer is simply to increaseShow MoreRelatedThe Growing Problem of White Collar Crimes in India19963 Words   |  80 PagesThe Problem if white collar crime is very serious in India. Business communities of this country of large and small merchants are basically dishonest in most. Nowhere in the world businessmen get rich so quickly as they do in India. Harding, profiteering and black marketing of essential commodities by traders has become a chronic problem for the Government. The Santhanam committee Report in its findings gave a vivid picture of white collar crimes committed by persons of respectability such as

What is Transactional Analysis free essay sample

Transactional Analysis was founded by Dr. Eric Berne – an innovative and creative thinker who brought together some of the most effective ideas in psychotherapy (analytic, cognitive behavioural, phenomenological) into a powerful body of theory and practice. Although psychoanalytically trained, he espoused the values of the humanistic movement believing that change is possible and that human beings have a natural aspiration to live in harmony with themselves and others. Perhaps his most significant contribution was that he sought to demystify psychotherapy and use concepts, language and methods, which were understandable to all. He developed theories, that have both simple immediacy and subtle depth. One of his most revolutionary innovations was the treatment contract, by which he invited his clients to choose their own goals and agree with him a plan for their psychotherapy. In recent years many new trends in transactional analysis have emerged producing exciting and effective approaches to working with individuals, couples and groups. The Institutes programmes seek to build upon Berne’s work, incorporating new developments in Transactional Analysis and integrating new ideas from other approaches to psychotherapy and counselling while retaining the original theoretical framework, values and accessibility. The most significant of these developments has been termed Relational Transactional Analysis. For further details of this approach click on the heading What is Relational TA in the navigation panel. Transactional Analysis: NOUN; A system of psychotherapy that analyzes personal relationships and interactions in terms of conflicting or complementary ego states that correspond to the roles of parent, child, and adult. Transactional Analysis is a therapy modality used to create growth and change. A man by the name of Eric Berne from San Francisco in the 1950s developed the concepts and tools of Transactional Analysis and introduced them to the public in his book Games People Play. Berne referred to Transactional Analysis as social psychiatry, meaning a form of therapy or counseling used by every day people. The concepts of Transactional Analysis are simple, straightforward, easy to use and understand, user-friendly, and not full of medical terminology or psychobabble like most other therapies. The tools and understanding provided by Transactional Analysis can create positive change to people, relationships, and the work environment when applied. Transactional Analysis is a theory of communications and interpersonal interaction. Sometimes the communications between two people have a hidden message, meaning, and agenda. The result of this hidden message is a game. The purpose of the game is to get a need met, without asking directly for what we need or want. People learn how to play these games to get our needs met as children, and they worked then. Now, as adults, they are the source of problems in our every-day relationships with ourselves and those around us, because things get much more complicated as our age progresses. Transactional Analysis is also a theory on personality and psychological structure. The concept of the parent, adult, and child ego states also originated in Transactional Analysis. These ideas help people to understand, explain and change their behavior and have better relationships with others. Through these ideas, people begin to understand ourselves and how we operate, as well as others. Relational TA Relational Transactional Analysis is a term that has evolved in recent years to describe a paradigm shift in the theory and practice of transactional analysis, which mirrors similar shifts that have been occurring in the wider psychotherapy, counselling and psychological fields. Over the past two decades within TA, there has been a move away from a focus on cognitive insight as the path to psychological change, towards an appreciation and emphasis on the working through of, the conscious and more significantly the unconscious relational dynamics that arise between the therapist and the client. Relational TA therefore is a framework or way of thinking about the work, about the role of the practitioner and about methodology. Many of the original models of transactional analysis, which are still in existence today, are concerned with the process of strengthening the Adult ego state – the ability to function successfully in the here and now and take control of self-defeating behaviours. Naturally as part of our training we teach these models. These relate mainly to cognitive behavioural processes however – and therefore rely on a capacity to think consciously about things and take charge of the situation. Although they are often effective and supportive of increased levels of functioning, these kind of approaches are often not adequate when dealing with deeper injuries to the self, which tend instead to manifest through powerful unconscious transferential and countertransferential processes, which cannot be tamed, controlled or mastered in quite the same way. Relational TA therefore, is interested in those processes and methodologies that appreciate, contextualise and seek to understand and engage with the language and power of the unconscious. These processes require quite different models and frameworks and within our training we teach and emphasise such models, all of which have been developed within the relational TA community to support practitioners as they engage with clients at this more fundamental level of relating, uncovering and analysing as they do so, any unhelpful relational patterns that the client has developed as a way of defending themselves and in the process, offering new relational possibilities. Relational TA practitioners therefore have a range of TA models to draw upon, those that work at the cognitive behavioural level and those that work at a more psychodynamic level and different relational TA practitioners will and do, draw quite differently upon them, which is one of the things that makes relational TA so exciting and diverse, what they all have in common with each other however, and therefore what unifies them, is a set of concepts which are a central feature of their work, these include: The importance that is placed on relationship, in all its forms – with the self, with the other and with the inter-subjective (what happens when we get together). The belief that the most profound change happens through experience (as opposed to cognitive insight), and most powerfully through relational experiences that embody and enact different meanings from those that relationships once did for the client. The central focus of bringing to light the unconscious relational patterns that shape all of our experiences of ourselves and of our selves with others. A recognition that providing different relational experiences from those that are expected and/or longed for by the client, can be extremely exacting for both parties, and within this the practitioner as well as the client will be called upon to extend, challenge, change and get to know them-self in some new way. The belief that the practitioner is an active participant in the work and is not and cannot be a neutral observer within this. This suggests a two person rather than a one-person approach – the client is not there to be done to, nor the practitioner to be a benign provider of what was once missing for the client; both parties are actively involved in the process of finding new and more authentic ways of relating with each other. That central importance that is placed on the way that the practitioner uses the pushes and pulls of their own subjective experience (or countertransference) with the client, to inform when and what intervention will best enhance the client’s knowledge of self and of the other. An appreciation for the fact that certainty is neither possible nor necessarily desirable in the search for meaning. Recognising that the meanings that we have or will arrive at have been shaped and co-created and filtered through our individual social contexts, there is a belief that shifting from an individual perspective into a multiple perspective adds a depth and richness to the endeavour that enhances rather than detracts from it. In line with this ‘both/and’ thinking is valued over ‘either/or’. That the client is seen as and is treated very much as an adult, who is capable of a reciprocal, adult relationship with the practitioner. Within this the maternal metaphor in which the practitioner acts as a temporary replacement for unsatisfactory parents, there to meet their client’s unmet relational needs, is made problematic. Instead, the â€Å"activity of relatedness† and a â€Å"love of truth†, (Cornell and Bonds-white 2001), where both parties are willing to acknowledge reality about themselves is emphasised.