Saturday, August 31, 2019

Ethan Frome Essay

Ethan Frome had nothing but sickness and trouble. His life revolves around taking care of one invalid after another, from his father, his mother to his hypochondriac wife and finally ending up as a disfigured and very image of â€Å"ruin of a man†. He failed to achieve any of his ambitions to leave town and become an engineer and did not succeed even in his desire to run away with Mattie Silver. Aside from poverty, the rigid moral character of Ethan prevents him from going against the social conventions in favor of his personal ambitions and fulfillment. Set in New England, in the rural town of Starkfield, Massachusetts, this literary piece was written by Edith Wharton in 1922. The bleak environment of seemingly endless winter aptly sets the tone of the story and the fate of Ethan Frome. A narrator who was forced to stay in Starkfield because of a workers strike was instantly fascinated by Frome’s appearance that looks quite old for a man of fifty-two and disfigured since an accident twenty-four years ago when he first saw him outside of the post office. He went on to find out more about him as he â€Å"had the story, bit by bit, from various people, and, as generally happens in such cases, each time it was a different story† (1). The story of Ethan Frome is a portrayal of a passive and unhappy man who is weighed down by his duty to his wife and his bitter existence as a poor farmer. Ethan had been in Starksfield since his youth when his father died and he had to come home to take care of his ailing mother and their farm. Prior to this event, he was taking a technological course in Worcester but the lack of money prevented him from realizing his dream to become an engineer. He decided to marry Zenobia Pierce or Zeena, his cousin who came to help him care for his mother, after the burial as he was afraid to spend the winter alone. Though Zeena was lively and cheerful at first, she later on fell silent and sickly. He woulf often think that had his mother died in the springtime he would not have thought of offering marriage to Zeena. Her illnesses became her obsession as she would go on a monthly trip to Bettsbridge to see her doctor. For rural towns like Starkfield, people with sickness or complications are common topic for conversations and are â€Å"singled out for a great fate†. Zeena’s illness became her weapon that she uses to take control of the household and of Ethan. Mattie Silver actually came to the Fromes to do the household chores in exchange for the food and shelter as she was also destitute after the death of her parents. Since she was not used to doing housekeeping, Ethan would help her out in doing her chores just so she would not incur the wrath of Zeena. Ethan eventually fell in love with lively and cheerful Mattie who gave Ethan respite from the isolation and loveless match with a sickly and whining woman. The illicit relationship however advances to no more than holding of hands as both Mattie and Ethan are too afraid to defy the forces of social and marital duties. The time came though that Zeena decided to send Mattie away because of a broken red pickle dish that is symbolic in the story of the marriage of Ethan and Zeena. The idea of living apart from each other was unbearable for Mattie and Ethan that upon the suggestion of the former, they went on to take a sleigh ride that would crash them into the big elm tree. The attempted suicide failed leaving Ethan disfigured and Mattie a paralyzed woman. The irony of the story is that in the end Zeena seem to overcome her illness and became the caregiver of the now invalid, whining Mattie and the lame Ethan. The entire life of Ethan Frome had been a series of dreams destroyed because of the circumstances of him being poor and his adherence to social duty. His opportunity to leave town and finish education to eventually become an engineer was hindered when his father died and he has a farm and an ailing mother to take care of. Their farm as he said was â€Å"side-tracked† when the railroads where put up and no more people came to town. He blames this as the cause as to why his mother’s condition deteriorated. It could also mean the lost opportunities for the town and also to him as the place got left behind in the course of development. Ethan was one of the people stuck in Starkfield, a place where â€Å"most of the smart ones get away†(14) as Harmon Gow, the stage driver in the story, aptly puts it. The bleakness that surrounds Starkfield, for one thing, is not an environment that would nurture youth and create a field for dreams to come true. The narrator in the story noted that although he initially felt invigorated by the clear blue skies and shocking white of snow, this was soon followed by long periods of cold and darkness that he begun to understand the â€Å"deadness of the community† (15). In an environment that was neither nurturing nor bountiful, Ethan is further subdued into the tangled web of harshness and scarcity. The Fromes practically had to eke living from what little they could get from their farm for their survival. The connection between the land and the people is symbolic in the story. The environment made life for the townspeople difficult such as when Ethan and another man had to struggle in the sleet just to be able to transport logs. Starkfield is isolation in itself, with the places beyond it seen as a place to â€Å"get away† so as to seek a different fortune or freedom from the drab and coldness of the place. The limitations of the environment coupled with poverty further intensified the lost potentials of Ethan Frome. There was the poignant scene where the narrator accidentally left his biochemistry book in the sleigh and later on sees it in Frome’s hand. Ethan was both fascinated and humbled by the book as he exclaimed, â€Å"There are things in that book that I didn’t know the first word about† (18). It shows that Ethan’s curiosity and intellect had very few outlets in that kind of environment. For a fifty-two year old man who found excitement in a book, it is painful to think of what he could have been had he got the chance to explore his potentials. The conflict between personal passion and social convention is another theme portrayed in the story. The character of Zeena and Mattie were so different that the reader would readily understand the choice of Ethan between them. Mattie symbolizes beauty and energy in her ways, in the colors that she uses from the ribbons in her hair to the dish that she illicitly uses whereas Zeena possesses the deathly and sickly qualities in life. The sexual and emotional frustration in the marriage of Zeena and Ethan is symbolized by the unused pickle dish. Though shown as Zeena’s most prized possession, it remains at the topmost of the china closet left and unused. The barren relationship that they have is further portrayed with them not having children and hardly ever sharing a conversation. Ethan fell in love with Mattie and had come to hate Zeena but his strong sense of marital duty prevents him from deciding to be with Mattie. He acts with uncertainty and frustration under the looming shadow of his obligation to Zeena that it created a conflict in him. Ethan is also hesitant to leave his sickly wife for he believes that if he went away it would leave Zeena alone and penniless. Even in the moment when Zeena went away, her presence was greatly felt in imagined visions and in the symbol of the cat. Conventionally, the society upholds marriage as a sacred bond and is, in fact, at the apex of the set social orders. A man and woman are joined in marriage; it is protected by the norms of the society to keep the union intact. The critical eyes of the society is so that it could even permeate walls of intimate moments like the evening that Ethan and Mattie spent together when Zeena went away from the town to see a doctor. Their excitement though withered when the cat broke the dish and the looming figure of Zeena in their minds. Zeena’s absence bear more weight that her presence that conversation became impossible. The circumstance does not allow them to attempt to recreate a fantasy of life together, spending an evening as a husband and wife would. Their passion was shrouded by guilt and the unseen eyes of the society that both of them felt in the situation. As Ethan noted † in the warm lamplit room, with all its ancient implications of conformity and order, she (Mattie) seemed infinitely farther away from him and more unapproachable† (54). Conformity and order in the living room reminded Ethan that it belongs to Zeena and Ethan and could never be Mattie and Ethan. And when Ethan crossed the line when showed the slightest act of passion by kissing a piece of cloth that she was sewing, Mattie was spurred into retreating, scared of the repercussions with the transgression made. Poverty also limited the illicit lovers from taking serious step in pursuing an adulterous affair. Mattie, for one, was in a very precarious condition being dependent on the Fromes for her daily sustenance. Having nowhere else to go, she is also afraid of going into that kind of relationship with Ethan that could take away the refuge that she now has. Ethan, on the other hand, his duty to his wife and even to the Hales prevents him from acting on the situation like the loan that he planned to take from the Hale in able to elope with Mattie. Ethan did not only sacrifice his chance on love but he also sacrificed his ambitions just so he can fulfill his social duties. He had to give up his dream to move out of Starkfield and of becoming an engineer to care for his father, his mother and the farm. And upon the death of his mother, he end up in frustrated desire to fulfill his dreams for he was trapped in a marriage with a sickly wife whom he cannot bear to leave because of her condition. Though a sympathetic character, Ethan Frome can be also frustrating because of his lack determination to change the course of his life. He allows circumstances to take over him and did not decidedly pursue his interests and ambitions. Like the epitaph of the original Ethan Frome in the graveyard with his wife Endurance, he endures rather than act on his fate in pursuit of happiness and fulfillment. In his relationship with Mattie, instead of finding the courage to address his dilemma he opted for suicide with his lover, which he did not even decide on but took on upon the suggestion of Mattie. This was his only bold decision in the entire novel but this too ended up as a failure leaving him ruined and destined to live his entire life with an invalid lover and a controlling wife. Though Ethan is a sensitive and decent person he lacks emotional strength and determination. Instead of mustering enough courage to defy conventions, he chose not to take decisions and face the consequences of it, The deadened vitality of Ethan Frome from the decades of frustrations and his inability to rise up beyond the circumstances had left him in a situation where is â€Å"not much difference between the Fromes up at the farm and the Fromes down in the graveyard†.

Friday, August 30, 2019

Explain how the men and women in Shakespeare’s Othello misunderstand each other

Analysing the male and female relationships in William Shakespeare's Othello it is clear the sexes fail to understand each other, particularly on the men's part. Whilst the women are more mature and tend to overestimate the men, the men are consumed by their vanity and reputation and cannot accept women honestly. Desdemona and Othello's lack of understanding for each other contributes to their miscommunication. Othello cannot fully trust Desdemona because his love his too idealistic and he fails to comprehend her honest and realistic approach to love: She loved me for the dangers I had passed And I loved her that she did pity them. This implies that Desdemona's affections fuel his ego and he loves her for this more than anything else. Othello's worshipping of Desdemona prohibits him from truly understanding her: O my fair warrior! †¦If it were now to die, ‘Twere to be most happy; for I fear My soul hath her content so absolute That not another comfort succeeds in unknown fate.† He does not perceive her as human and capable of fault: †¦And when I love thee not, chaos is come again. Desdemona on the other hand does not romanticise Othello, but approaches their love realistically and maturely. She loves Othello for the person he is and does not shy from the topic of consummation: I saw Othello's visage in his mind. That I did love the Moor to live with him, †¦ if I be left behind†¦ The rites for which I love him are bereft me†¦ However, as much as Othello cannot understand her honest approach to love, nor can she comprehend his connection between their love and his honour. In this respect she overestimates Othello and fails to see his capacity for jealousy: †¦I think the sun where he was born Drew all such humours from him. Unwittingly, she wounds his pride by lying about the handkerchief and pursuing Cassio's disposition: I say it is not lost†¦ This is a trick to put me from my suit. Pray you let Cassio be received again. The women are seen by the men as possessions and criteria for their honour. Othello cannot conceive that Desdemona is her own person and could have emotions and opinions separate to his. She shows her assertiveness when she defends Cassio, but in doing so questions Othello's judgment. â€Å"You'll never find a more sufficient man.† Where sexuality is concerned, he seeks complete control over her. Her faithfulness is not only needed for his ego, (â€Å"Cuckold me!†) but the possibility that Desdemona has sexual desires frightens and bewilders him: †¦O curse of marriage That we can call these creatures ours And not their appetites! Iago also reflects this possessiveness over his wife. He accuses Cassio and Othello of having leapt into his ‘seat' which implies he owns Emilia, and is astounded when she defiantly reveals his malice at the end: I will not charm my tongue†¦ What, are you mad? I charge you get you home. Brabantio's response to his daughter's marriage holds a similar attitude. Desdemona, a â€Å"maiden never bold,† so still and quiet that she was scared of her own shadow, has been â€Å"stolen† from him. He clearly does not understand his daughter well for we soon see she is strong and assertive: That I did love the Moor to live with him. My downright violence and scorn†¦ May trumpet to the world.† Throughout the play Roderigo's behaviour is a prime example of how the men view the women as possessions. Hopelessly romanticising Desdemona, (who is not aware of his existence, let alone his love for her) he relentlessly pursues her attempting to purchase her through Iago: Therefore make money†¦ I'll sell all my land. Iago speaks of Othello's marriage in terms of piracy and of Desdemona as a treasure ship, reinforcing his ideas of women as possessions: †¦he hath tonight boarded a land-carack. Interestingly, Emilia comments on this weakness of all men. In contrast to the men's complete misconceptions about women, Emilia shows awareness and perceptiveness of the opposite sex. She does understand that men stereotype women and forget they have their own minds: †¦Let husbands know their wives have sense like them: they see and smell, And have palates for both sweet and sour As husbands have. She recognises the jealousy of men's natures. They are not ever jealous for the cause, But jealous for they are jealous. However, although she succinctly predicts what is behind Othello's behaviour, for all her worldliness, she fails to pinpoint the blame to her own husband. This suggests that maybe she doesn't know him that well to consider him capable of such malice. â€Å"The Moor's abused by some most villainous knave.† Preoccupied with honour, the men categorise women into either ‘whores' or ‘Madonnas,' and fail to recognise them as individuals. Desdemona, a real ‘lady,' is continually referred to as â€Å"divine† and all the men greatly esteem her. Their respect is close to worship. Casio says: You men of Cyprus, let her have your knees. Hail to thee, Lady! Roderigo swears he loves her enough to â€Å"incontinently drown† himself. Even Iago says â€Å"Now I do love her too†¦Ã¢â‚¬  and suggests he would like to sleep with her. Bianca, on the other hand, is immediately shunned for being a prostitute and is not worthy of such high regard. The play's humanisation of her undercuts the men's one-dimensional perception: I am no strumpet, but of life as honest As you that thus abuse me. Unlike Desdemona, men cannot align their honour with such a woman as she has been ‘used' and is no longer ‘pure.' In contrast to his approach to the ‘divine Desdemona' Cassio says of Bianca, â€Å"I marry her! What! A customer!† He is indifferent to her love for him, and Bianca does not realise that he will never take her seriously but always see her as a whore: ‘Tis such another fitchew! Marry, a perfumed one! Desdemona does not understand how men can label women ‘whores' for she insists that such a woman does not exist, and she therefore does not understand men's preoccupation with honour: -tell me, Emilia – That there be women do abuse their husbands In such gross kind? Misogynistic attitudes perpetrated by Iago and eventually developed in Othello reveal a distrust of women, and affirm the lack of understanding between the sexes. To Iago, all women are whores. â€Å"You rise to play and got to bed to work.† He is rude to his own wife and unhesitatingly kills her. â€Å"Villainous whore!† (He stabs her.) With Iago's manipulation, Othello adopts these views and his ‘divine' Desdemona falls straight from Madonna to whore. She has tainted his reputation and wounded his ego, (or so he believes) and he must kill her before she corrupts other men. â€Å"Yet she must die, else she'll betray more men.† His words to her become bitter and scathing: I took you for that cunning whore of Venice That married with Othello. The combination of their honour and misunderstanding of women makes the men easily jealous. We see this in their quickness to damn their wives as adulteresses without concrete evidence. Othello is so distrusting, the absence of a handkerchief becomes the ‘ocular' proof, when ironically he has seen nothing. His jealousy makes him willing to condemn. â€Å"Damn her, lewd minx!† Iago also accuses his wife with unfounded suspicion of sleeping with Cassio and Othello: He's done my office. I know not if it be true, But I, for mere suspicion in that kind, Will do as if for surety.† The men and women in Othello do not understand each other. The men's preoccupation with honour and romantic ideals of love, leads them to misunderstand women viewing them as either whores or Madonnas and possessions for men. The women, in contrast, are more mature and realistic. However women such as Desdemona overestimate the men and are unable to empathise with their attitudes, or recognise their jealous natures.

Thursday, August 29, 2019

The Net Present Value method

1. Net Present Value ApproachThe Net Present Value method, which abides with the time value of money principle, is a capital expenditure appraisal method, which seeks the total future net cash inflow/outflow the project will provide in today’s terms.   Indeed, the expected net cash inflow/outflow of every year is discounted with a cost of capital rate determined by the company. There is not standard cost of capital that can be used, because it is different for every organization and project undertaken.   The main components of discounting are the inflation rate, the risk-free component, general risk premium and property-specific risk premium.   These stem from the cost derived from the finance medium selected, risk of the project failing to provide the anticipated cash inflows and the rate of return attained from comparable capital projects.   The factors mentioned above will differ between companies and projects, thus substantiating the point of no standard discount r ate.Both the net present method and the other techniques described below hold the following assumptions:†¢ Uncertainty does not exist.   Random and unexpected fluctuations are therefore not considered in the capital expenditure appraisal method.†¢   A perfect capital market exists, which implies that unlimited funds can be obtained with the market rate of interest set.The higher the net present value attained, the more financially viable is the project at hand.   With the exception of the time value of money concept, no other qualitative characteristics are considered by this method.1.1   Internal Rate of ReturnThis method also uses the time value of money concept.   Under this technique, the discounted cash flow principle is applied in a less practical way.   The internal rate of return is determined in this method normally by trial and error.   This is the point at which the projects will break-even leading to a zero net present value.   A capital project is financially viable if the internal rate of return is greater than the discount factor applied for the project.   In fact, the higher the internal rate of return the greater the financial feasibility of the project at hand, because the higher is the margin of safety of the project not incurring a loss.1.2   Modified Internal Rate of ReturnAs its name implies this is a modified capital expenditure appraisal technique of the method described in the previous section.   The modification mainly stems from compounding all positive cash flows forward to end of the capital project duration.   The figure attained by the modified internal rate of return method is the one that portrays the present value of all cash outflows together with the future value of all cash inflows.The internal rate of return weakness that is mitigated by this method, which is also outlined in the next section, is the multiple root problem that is encountered when discounting cash outflows to the present da te.1.3 Advantages and Limitations of Capital Project Evaluation MethodsThe adoption of discounting, which adheres with the time value of money principle, which takes into account important business and economic factors such as the inflation rate, the risk-free component, general risk premium and property-specific risk premium is considered both by the internal rate of return, modified internal rate of return technique and net present value method.   Even though they are more complex in nature and require more technical calculations, these three methods provide valuable financial information of a much better quality due to such feature.When the capital projects evaluated are not mutually exclusive and can be considered independently during the valuation, the net present value method and the internal rate of return approach will provide identical results, leading to the same decision.   However, the scale of the project is properly considered by the former capital expenditure appr aisal model, because it is an absolute measure of the project’s financial return.   On the contrary, the internal rate of return system adopts a relative measure to the project’s size and cash flow timing in relation to initial capital expenditure.   Therefore when projects are mutually exclusive and ranking is necessary in the business valuation, these two methods may provide dissimilar results.   The net present value method provides financial information of greater quality in such instances because it directs towards the capital project that holds the highest increase in financial wealth for the organization.   In addition, the ranking exercise is much easier to apply when the net present value method is adopted for mutually exclusive projects.The internal rate of return model can also provide misleading information when cash flows are non-conventional in the capital project examined.   In such cases, a nil or a vast number of internal rates of return may be derived, which would render the application of such method useless.   This problem does not apply to the net present value method.Even thought, the internal rate of return method had been improved by the adoption of the modified internal rate of return technique the net present value method is still the best method that an organization can adopt in order to value its capital projects.   We ought to keep in mind that only one limitation is removed with the application of the modified internal rate of return method.   In this section more were noted, that may provide inaccurate financial information leading to wrong decisions.References:Brockington B. R. (1993). Financial Management. Sixth Edition. London: DP Publications.Drury C. (1996). Management and Cost Accounting. Fourth Edition. New York: International Thomson Business Press.Lucey T. (2003). Management Accounting. Fifth Edition. Great Britain: Biddles Limited.Randall H. (1999).   A Level Accounting.   Third Edition .   Great Britain:   Ashford Colour Press Ltd.

Native American Music and Dance Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Native American Music and Dance - Essay Example Powwows, being a cultural display, are meticulously formed depictions, performances, or articulations of Native American past and contemporary reality as they want to express it. Organizing the occasion-- establishing the rules and regulations, registering partakers, and putting in order the activities (Heth 1992)— gives order and furnishes significance to this community gathering. The pan-Indian or supra-tribal feature of the powwow has encouraged scholars, especially anthropologists, to ridicule its recognition among early Indian cultures because they are anxious that it may displace culture-oriented rituals or practices (Heth 1992). Others perceive it as the only Native American blueprint evident in the life of several regional or ethnic groups. The Waccamaw Sioux’s powwow rites (Ellis, Lassiter, & Dunham 2005, 294) present a possibility of taking into account how performance and ceremonies characterize their identity in present-day American culture. Powwows are a vi tal link between non-Indians and Native Americans, even though numerous conflicts and issues should be addressed so as to build and sustain this cultural connection. Powwows are a quite intricate kind of communication on multiple extents, from the individual to the collective to the political (Ellis & Lassiter 2005).... Some anthropologists, according to Koskoff (2005), also deal with the themes of intertribal support, pan-Indianism, and diverse identity. There is unfortunately insufficient literature on Native American powwows and there is no scholarship which deals with the entire intricacy of powwows and their function in Native America. Even though there are more and more scholarly works proclaiming powwows of Native America and taking into account occasions, and there are currently several accurate children’s literature dedicated to the images and sounds of the powwows and the participants, and there are a number of pictures which comprise the issues of the subject (Ellis & Lassiter 2005), there is still inadequate systematic and critical literature on the issue. As stated by Toelken (1991) in his work Ethnic Selection and Intensification in the Native American Powwow (as cited in Stern & Cicala 1991, 137): â€Å"Perhaps because their participants seem to be having fun instead of playin g to the white stereotype of Indian stoicism†¦ the contemporary intertribal powwow, an increasingly popular vernacular dance expression among Native Americans, has not been given much attention by scholars, even though it has become one of the most common articulations of ‘Indianness’ among Indians today.† Kiowa Song As the language of Kiowa keeps on weakening in its commonplace usage, a song is surfacing as a leading representation for expressing the identity and legacy of the Kiowa people. However, a song cannot be deprived of its storyline perspective; specifically, for numerous Kiowa singers, narrative is entirely important for interpreting songs (May & Hood 1983). Without a narrative, a song is only a cacophony of sound; nevertheless, with a narrative, sound

Wednesday, August 28, 2019

Effects of the Global Financial Crisis on the Kingdom of Bahrain and Essay

Effects of the Global Financial Crisis on the Kingdom of Bahrain and Its Central Bank - Essay Example Eventually, major stock markets across the globe collapsed as big financial organizations failed or had to be bought out. The financial crisis had negative impacts on the gross domestic product of countries which in most cases declined indicating slowed economic growth rate (Mohsen, Abdulla and Jalal 1). The financial crisis also led to a reduction in employment rates globally and the general livelihood of the people deteriorated. The Kingdom of Bahrain is no exception to the devastating outcomes of the crisis. Even though the small Island in the Middle East has its economy supported by the oil and natural gas sector, the financial sector also contributes greatly to its economic development (Hamad 1). Effects Financial Crisis on the Economy the Kingdom Of Bahrain Like all other countries, the financial crisis affected the kingdom of Bahrain’s overall economic growth. Economic development of every country depends on continued investment. However, following the financial crisis, there were reduced liquidity levels in Bahrain which meant that capital investment reduced (Hamad 1). As in other countries globally, the financial crisis also resulted in slowed employment growth rate in Bahrain due to a reduction in the total economic output. Another notable aftermath of the global recession on Bahrain was a significant collapse of some financial institutions. In addition, the financial crisis negatively affected the profitability of banks since financial sector is a major contributor of economic growth, and slowed down the growth in GDP since financial institutions also influence asset acquisition and capital investment. and with the global financial crisis, the country experienced slowed investment rates (Mohsen, Abdulla and Jalal 4). The 2007/2008 financial crisis led to negative social impacts on the people of Bahrain. Following the financial crisis, liquidity reduced affecting the purchasing power of the people is negatively affected. Consequently, the welfa re of the people in Bahrain was adversely affected by the crisis. Those mostly hit by the financial crisis were in the low income bracket, especially since most of them lost their jobs. In addition, Bahrain benefits from trade tourism as people coming from different regions to trade (Hamad 1). However, the financial crisis made it more expensive for tourists to visit the country, significantly reducing the country’s foreign exchange earnings. The collapse of the stock market and some financial institutions also led to some people from Bahrain losing their investment, leading to psychological shock. Psychological shock also affected individuals who are dismissed from work or whose businesses had to be closed down. Despite the far reaching effects of the financial downturn, the financial health of Bahrain remained relatively stable. Although Bahrain’s economy was affected, it still grew at a steady rate and the banking sector remained relatively stable. According to Hama d, the relatively minimal effect of the global financial crisis on Bahrain resulted from the fact that the country does not approach its economic development in a â€Å"boom and bust approach† (1). The country has used a steady and gradual approach to economic and financial development while keeping the markets regulated. However, the Central Bank of Bahrain (CBB) has been instrumental in ensuring that it averted the negative outcome of current financial crisis. The Role of Central Bank in Bahrain The

Tuesday, August 27, 2019

Plagiarism Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Plagiarism - Assignment Example The relevancy of the information presented tends to prove or disprove facts. In some cases, the officer conducting the data analysis may decide to produce work acquired by another colleague for a different investigation that is similar. This is illegal and the person in question will lose their job and face possible prosecution (Gaines & Miller, 2014). In a prosecution case, the prosecutor attempts to establish guilt beyond reasonable doubt. In cases where the prosecutor is lazy, and attempts to present plagiarized information in front of a jury, the jury might not be convinced. This is because the prosecutor will not have facts or will contradict him/herself or maybe the judge/ jury may recognize the facts as those presented in a different case. The guilty person may end up walking free because of the prosecutor’s laziness (Gaines & Miller, 2014). When it comes to preparing witnesses for cross-examination, the defense attorney and the attorney ought to sure that the witnesses produce work based on their own knowledge and not something they heard (hearsay). The prosecutor and the attorney should also avoid coaching the witnesses as this may lead to perjury, which is an offense (Gaines & Miller, 2014). The perjury comes in when the witness lies after taking an oath. The lies might be factual though not based on the witnesses’ knowledge especially by giving information experienced or witnessed by another individual. If the court finds out that the lawyer and prosecutor were part of this, they may lose their license (Gaines & Miller,

Monday, August 26, 2019

Analysis Ford UK Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Analysis Ford UK - Coursework Example Instead of having severe rivalry Ford has sustained in the market and has gained competitive advantage over others. Societal marketing is a concept of marketing that is adopted by various companies and organizations in order to build the ethical and social considerations. By adopting societal marketing strategy the company is required to balance and resolve the conflicting profits of the company, satisfaction of the consumers and also the public interest. Here in this case considering the societal marketing strategy adopted by Ford because people now an s gift days are exchanging and communicating value in the market place. Ford identified the digital space economy which it considered to be the gift economy where the value for the services do not progress slowly but in a galloping mode between the consumers which helps Ford in providing a return for its brand and providing the value for the corporation. By adopting societal marketing Ford found that its brand was converted into an agent and also enabling cultural production that is providing fun. In order to serve well to its customers the marketers are adopting social marketing strategy. Now a day’s societal marketing is attaining the advantage and the attention of the consumer and therefore it is expected to continue in order to get it into practice. The societal marketing is considered as important and an excellent tactic and tool for promotion with various social parameters and exploring the response and behaviour of the consumers. The main aim or objective of the societal marketing is positioning the product or the service offered. Positioning can be defined as the creativity or the strategy that is adopted for designing the offerings of the company and occupying an image in order to occupy a place in the mind of the target consumers and market (Boone and Kurtz, 2011) Ford is considered as one of the first automotive companies of America and even today Ford successfully manufactures trucks,

Sunday, August 25, 2019

THE (ME )IN LEADERSHIP Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

THE (ME )IN LEADERSHIP - Essay Example But the definition was too generalized to understand what leadership is really all about; what makes a leader, and what character trait must be learned to become an effective leader. But recent scholars however has synthesized of what really makes a good leader. The idea of being a good leader is no longer as elusive as before. While for others leadership is inherent, it can now be learned integrating the inherent intrinsic quality of an individual and developing it to be become an effective leader. II. The Poster Explained Learning leadership begins with learning the â€Å"self†; to have certainty about himself/herself to as a foundation of confidence to lead and get things done. â€Å"It is necessary for a â€Å"leader, who possesses a clear self-concept through private self-consciousness, to be more likely to possess a strong purpose-in-life. Having a strong purpose involves consistency in self-identity (i.e., self-concept clarity) (Campbell, 1990; Frankl, 1992). The â₠¬Å"possession of a clear self-concept through private self-consciousness enables an individual to recognize the gap between what he or she is (i.e., real self) and what he or she should become (i.e., ideal self). This recognition may enable a leader to develop a strong purpose-in-life by setting goals in order to narrow the gap between the real and ideal self (Frankl, 1992; Marcus & Wurf, 1987). This clarity and lucidness of self-concept is necessary not only to get things done but also to harmonize my inner sense of self to what my peers sees in me. This â€Å"self-concept of reality is again distinct from the contents of the self-structure and is instead the level of lucidity and certitude of one's own understanding of that content- how well the leader thinks they know themselves. Campbell et al. (1996). This clear awareness of myself translates to a clearer sense of goal and purpose which will evolve to Self-Belief. Self-belief, which is the inner confidence that I will succeed and overcome any obstacle to achieve the best outcomes for service improvement. This Self-Belief attribute also will enable me to transcend myself. To be conscious how I see myself and how others sees me as well. As Abraham Maslow (1968) elaborates â€Å"He thinks that there is much more to us than what we mirror about the world around us, writing, "there is not only an orientation to the outer but also to the inner". This â€Å"mirroring as the reflections of self that a group member encounters in other group members, in the group leader, or in the group as a whole (Bion, 1961) harmonizes us within and eliminates discord beginning from perception of how I look myself through my peers. This type of mirroring can include the psychological mechanisms of denial, splitting, projection, introjection, indentification and projective and introjective indentification (Pisani, Colangeli, Giordani, & Popolla, 2006). On the other side of the mirror(s) lies the possibility of self-knowledge an d true relationship. When group members can recognize and own their projections, when they can work with them carefully and honestly in group, when they can bear the reflection(s) of their full identities, they can know more about themselves. Such, this sensitivity towards myself and others comes to mind the idea of myself likening to a dynamo whom the

Saturday, August 24, 2019

Manhattan (New york)'s Urban space Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Manhattan (New york)'s Urban space - Essay Example Manhattan is considered as a regional leader where education, entertainment, communication and health care is concerned and in addition serves a three county population of about 200,000 people in the surrounding areas. Other amenities that Manhattan can boast of are both private and public educational centres and numerous universities that cater to a mixture of diverse cultures. The famous Kansas State University which was established in 1863 was the first successful land - grant university system that was established in the United States. This famous university houses eight colleges that represent 60 different departments of various specialized subjects. Manhattan boasts of beautiful scenic public parks, and zoos like the American zoo and the Sunset zoo. It is also quite famous for various sports facilities which include stunning golf courses. In addition to these, Manhattan is well known for its exceptional trail system that is indispensable to both bikers and walkers and which is also easily accessible to disabled people. Te trail is nine miles long and circles around half of the community. Manhattan City is committed to development and progress and continues in its quest to achieve it. Its municipal planning of the city is not only progressive but works with a vision and forward thinking. Since the 1980’s, one of the most significant developments that took place was the construction of a 300,000 square foot shopping mall situated in downtown Manhattan. The past decade has seen the construction of a new airport terminal called the â€Å"Manhattan Regional Airport.† The city has also seen the construction of the Northeast Community Park and it has now undertaken a major project initiative of downtown redevelopment in order to enhance the Town center Hall north and south of Manhattan. Geographically speaking, the character of Manhattan was largely shaped by its Geographical outlay. It’s strategic location dominates the New York Harbor and hence it emerges as

Friday, August 23, 2019

The Olympic and Paralympic Games were held in London in Summer 2012 Dissertation

The Olympic and Paralympic Games were held in London in Summer 2012. One of the major changes to delivery of the Games that has - Dissertation Example The committee not only suggested new plans for improving the environmental issues but also had made sure that they can serve the society positively. The survey which is conducted in GSM, London, throws light on the fact that the youth are interested in sports and extracurricular activities, but due to their busy schedule they forget to take care of their health. Sports are not only refreshing but also, help in eradicating diseases to make life healthier. The youth are aware of the sport-health relationship that indicates to the fact that they can educate the mass with their knowledge and help in creating a safer and healthier world. Olympic and Paralympics Games Summer 2012 The Summer Olympic 2012 had taken place in London from 27th July to 12th August, 2012 and it was followed by Paralympics Games 2012 from 29th August to 9Th September, 2012. 205 nations had participated in the 300 events that took place in Summer Olympic. However, 147 nations joined the events of Paralympics Games 2012. ... It is also described as the mean of achieving reconciliation and peace, which is the fundamental pre-condition for the principles of sustainability that has been applied and shared by the Olympic Movement (Olympic.Org., 2013f). The following are the key stakeholders of Olympic Movement who facilitates their sustainable development: 1) International and National Sports Federations (IFs and NFs) 2) National Olympic Committees (NOCs) 3) Olympic Games and youth Olympic Games Organising Committees (OCOGs and YOCOGs) 4) Corporate sponsors 5) Media 6) Non-governmental organisations (NGOs) 7) Most importantly the public. The International Olympic Committee (IOC) is in a good position to assist the building of a sustainable future by encouraging the work with major groups, regeneration of the political commitments and also, by creating a worldwide support for actions. Sustainability Plan put forward by the organisers Sustainability can be described as the continuous project that was undertake n by the Olympic Movement (OM) and was also promoted for adoption worldwide. The process of adoption started with the execution of modest green actions. The Sustainability Plan has evolved for over 20 years since the Earth Summit, 1992. In 2012, the Olympic Games were held in London and before the grand event the supervisory committee had made a Sustainability Plan which had given shape to the overall development of the whole event. This section of the report elaborates the sustainability plan that was put forward by the organisers. London 2012 The consumer lifestyles in the developed industrial nations have dramatically surpassed the productivity capacity of the Earth. The world has already undergone ecological overshoot about 40 years ago and currently, the

Thursday, August 22, 2019

My First Day in Mrsm Taiping Essay Example for Free

My First Day in Mrsm Taiping Essay My entire life change in a blink of an eye after I was accepted into MRSM. I was very happy and nervous. I never thought that I was accepted into MRSM Tiping because I’m apllying for MRSM Balik Pulau. I know nothing about this school. I knew that MRSM Taiping is a smart school after I step my legs here. I thought all MRSM are the same, the best. After the registration process settled, I went to check out my room. It was preety cool~ at that moment I started to feel full of grief as my parents would left me alone ? My dad and mom unpacked all my things. see more:paragraph on my first day at school Then, I secretly went to toilet and crying alone in the toilet without my parents knowledge~ Hahaha. That was so shameful when I thought about it again. I never told my parents about this. I cried a lot when I gave my parents goodbye. It took about half an hour for me to let my parents go. It was the hardest time for me as I’m very close to my family. I was being pampered by my dad and mom but that doesn’t mean I cannot managed myself. My dad said I have to leave my family because I want to success in my life. I would remember that words if I felt like I want to go back. After my parents leave, I went back to dorm and try to make friends. Then I have a conversation with Zai and we started being friend. I went to Dewan Selera for dinner. All the foods were nice. Eventhough it were not as good as my mom’s cooking, it’s still better than my former school food. It was seriously bad! Haha I think I was so cruel to say that words~ At first, I had a terrible homesick but all my friend can peace me up especially Zai and Afza. Thanks to them I still being here ? I think that’s all I can share with you guys. I hope I can perfome better here and prove to my friends that MRSM Taiping is the best.

Wednesday, August 21, 2019

To what extent Essay Example for Free

To what extent Essay For Romans, religion and politics were inseparable, for example, priests were always senators. Augustus needed to be seen as an emperor if he wanted to be one, he used religion to do this; a religious figure would never have been challenged, they were respected and obeyed. When Augustus became pontifex maximus in 12 BC he became, not only the saecular head of the Roman Empire, but the religious leader as well. Augustus used religion to reorganise the state, establish his own legislations and revive old festivals and ceremonies. However, although the advantages to himself were clear, he needed to be aware of Caesar’s fate and not offend tradition. Augustus knew that he had to be very careful about how he went about things in Rome but, in the East, it was a lot more acceptable as the people were already used to worshipping their leaders. If he could be worshipped in the East first, it may make it easier to be worshipped in Rome itself later on. In private it suited Augustus to be integrated with state religion, as demonstrated in the Res Gestae; â€Å"I was pontifex maximus, augur, quindecemviri sacris faciundis†¦Ã¢â‚¬ . However, in public Augustus had to appear respectful of traditional practice, as shown on the Ara Pacis. After his death Augustus could be worshipped with no issues, during his lifetime however, it was in no way acceptable. Augustus had to resist the creation of an imperial cult during his lifetime to avoid losing all popular support and ending in the same way as his predecessor did. This said, the creation of an imperial cult, if successful, would bring together the disparate provinces that he governed, bringing not only power but also prestige. An imperial cult was the mass veneration of not only Augustus’ genius, but that of his family and successors. Being a member of the Julian line, he already had some claim to a link with the Gods. Augustus’ Prima Porta, fashioned in a Hellenistic style, not only shows his pietas, but his link with the God of Love, Venus. Clinging to his body is cupid riding a dolphin; as cupid is the sibling of Aenus who founded the Julian line, the direct message that he is involved with the Gods is already being propagated. Equally, the fact that Caesar had been made a deity, established the notion that he was a semi-deity in the minds of many Romans. In the Mediterranean world, Augustus’ provinces were singular in that the citizens of Rome would have regarded treating your ruler as a deity as sacrilegious and immoral. Conversely, in the East, this was not only acceptable, but also demanded. Ptolemaic Egypt was cult-like and worshipped pharaohs as Gods. Due to heterogeneous territories, religion was seen as a uniting factor for rulers to forge links between the populace and themselves. The idea of Augustus openly declaring himself as a deity during his lifetime was an impossibility that would have led to exile or assassination. However, just as Caesar had supposedly risen to the heavens to be immortalised as a deity after his death, he too could be worshipped like this. The evidence of this is demonstrated by the construction of various temples built to him after his death in AD 14; for example, the Temple to Divus Augustus is shown on the Denarius of AD 158. Moreover, Suetonius’s Life of Augustus shows us ways in which, rather than being an innovator of a new imperial cult, Augustus actually restored traditional religious practices. By appearing to ‘buy into’ the conservatism of Roman religion, Augustus would have pleased the tradionalist majority and allowed his continuing expansionist military effort and transgression of the cursus honourum, without worry of religious misdemeanour. Suetonius describes his burning of â€Å"anonymous or unrespected authors† keeping only the sibylline books. He also revived certain rites such as the Augury of Safety, the flamen dialis, the Lupercalia, the Saecular Games and the Compitalia. Additionally, he extended the number and prestige of priesthoods. This demonstrated the difference between Augustus’ private and public goals; whereas privately he wished to integrate himself into state religion, publically he had to show piety and respect towards tradition. As previously noted, in the Res Gestae, Augustus lists his religious powers and titles; considering that the Res Gestae was effectively an autobiography, it can be inferred that this was received positively as he was satisfied to publish this on stele, it is also evident that the Res Gestae was propaganda designed to influence and so can not be deemed as a reliable, nor objective source. Prompting the creation of an imperial cult would have enshrined Augustus as a deity, given him infinite power to develop his empire and secured his legacy forever. However, it was vital that he treaded the delicate line between paying lip service to Roman conservatism whilst at the same time, attempting to set himself above, and apart from, the average Roman politician. Associating himself with Roman deities was an ideal way of achieving this goal and there is a huge range of evidence that he did very little to resist this. Indeed, it is quite possible that he actually endorsed it. Suetonius describes how he renamed the month Sextilis, to August and therefore â€Å"put†¦ straight† the calendar. Equally, the Horologium Augusti in the Campus Martius, an immense sundial drew attention to Augustus in a manner unavailable to other Romans. The Serviri Augustutales at Narbo of AD 12-13 was altar dedicated to Augustus. It proclaimed that the Julian ancestral colony of Narbo Martinius had â€Å"bound themselves to worship his divinity for ever†. Additionally, the Temple of Augustus at Pula (built between 2 BC and AD 14) and the Temple of Augustus at Tarraco were also built. The Temple of Augustus at Pula had a dedication reading â€Å"Roma and Augustus Caesar, son of deity, father of the fatherland† indicating that the temple was primarily dedicated to the goddess Roma, the personification of Rome, making himself a secondary figure to the City in order to not be seen to be encouraging the creation of an imperial cult. It could be argued that, if Augustus was genuinely against the worship of himself and his family, he would have prevented provincials from establishing temples in his name despite the fact that the Hellenistic practice of ruler-worship was well established in certain provinces. However, the evidence suggests that this was not the case as Augustus did little to nothing to prevent the construction of such temples. Indeed, Augustus, upon hearing that the people of Tarraco had reported a palm tree had grown on an altar to him, is recorded by Quintilian to have responded, â€Å"That shows how often you light a fire there†. This clearly opposes the view that he shrinked from such worship as it suggests he encouraged it. However, as Quintilian wrote this decades after the event may have happened, the reliability of this source must be questioned. Furthermore, the aureus of 19 BC depicts the Altar of Fortuna Redux, an altar at the Porta Capena to the Home-bringer, praising her for Augustus’ safe return. This was also the site of the festival of Augustalia; the act of having sacred festivals dedicated to you was naturally a privilege usually reserved to the Gods. Furthermore, the close proximity of Temple of Apollo Palatinus with Augustus’ house blurred the lines between his numen and his power as they came together as an imperial residence. The Hymn of the Salii, or Carmen Saeculare was the song of the ‘leaping priests’ of Mars, keepers of the ancilia and undoubtedly revered positions. The fact that they added his name to this god-praising song was highly unconventional and a bold move if Augustus had ordered this. Augustus evidently sponsored Augustan Literature, through Maecenus’ patronage of several poets. There are many clear examples of Augustus either being associated with the Gods in literature, or being portrayed as god himself. There is no doubt that Augustus knew about these comparisons prior to recital or publication and therefore encouraged these attempts to link himself with deities. Virgil’s Aeneid is the prime example of this; the poem depicts Augustus descending from heaven with â€Å"Iulus†, loaded with the wealth of Egypt of the â€Å"Orient’s spoils† and that â€Å"he too shall be called upon in prayer†. To add to this emphasis of his connection with Iulus, the building of the Temple to Divus Julius in the Forum Romanum and the Temple to Mars Ultor in the forum of Augustus both underline his connection to the semi-deity Caesar through his completion of filial duty. Horace’s Odes 1. 2 similarly shows Augutus as the gods’ ‘right hand man’. Horace describes the moral decline and religious neglect of the period of civil war and strife and Augustus is called forth to atone for previous sins and to â€Å"aid the crumbling Empire†. Such glowing accounts of Augutus can be explained as many of the poets were convalescing from lost estates from civil war times and, through indirect sponsorship from Augustus, were expected to translate underlying messages of the regime into poetry. Naturally, this kind of blatant worshiping was only acceptable in the abstract medium of poetry, as poetry was known to exaggerate reality and stretch any possible truth. Overall, the weight of evidence tends to suggest that Augustus did not try particularly hard to resist the creation of an imperial cult during his lifetime. Although he showed piety and respect to tradition throughout his reign, his sanctioning and, often encouragement, of provincials worshipping him demonstrated that he wished to be classed as a divine being as it meant that he would have gained all possible power. The creation of an imperial cult resulted in an almost tyrannical rule, where Augustus could not be questioned.

Marketing Information And Research

Marketing Information And Research Nestle Ghana limited is a fast moving consumer goods producer which started business in Ghana in the year 1957 as a Nestle product (Ghana) .The Company was then solely importing Nestle products such as milk, chocolate etc. Until 1986 when it was incorporated as food specialties (Ghana) limited producers and marketers of the locally well known Nestle brands. The company name change to Nestle Ghana limited in 1987. Nestle Ghana limited operations has created positive impact on the economy through their corporate Social responsibility activities relating to countries economy. Nestle Ghana effect on the Ghanaian society has led to the recognition of the government. Nestle has commitment to business principles which take into consideration the laws of the community in which they operate. Nestle recruit appropriate people and they are given training on how to work with them. Training is valuable at nestle because of it awareness that business success is effectiveness and the efficiency of it management and workers. 1.2 MISSION Nestle is producing healthy and nutritious food beverages to the people in the country. Through research, they are able to know the right ingredients to be used in the production. They also educate the public on health issues and how important it is to them. 1.3 VISSION Nestle wants to be the number one producer when it comes to food beverages and baby foods not only in Ghana but worldwide by delighting all customers with superior and new products. 1.4 PRODUCTS Nestle Ghana manufactures and markets well known brands such as Ideal full cream evaporated milk Ideal low cholesterol milk carnation filled milk carnation tea creamer milk Milo chocomilo ceralac Nestle also imports and distribute brands such as Nido powered milk -Lactogen infant formula Non infant formula Maggi Bouillons 1.5 COMPETITORS Nestle Ghana competitors with competitors Cadbury Promasidor PZ limited Friesland foods Vega foods 1.6 POSITION IN THE INDUSTRY Nestle is the leading producer of food beverages and baby foods in the Ghanaian market with a corporate image. 1.7 Our Customer Base The companys customers range from corporate customers and the general Ghanaian publics. Our corporate customers range from retail and wholesalers food beverage shops, restaurants, hotels etc. 2.0 Research Rationale: Nestlà © has over the years been able to maintain it position in the dairy industry by using its company to communicate and receive information from its target customers. The company will like to develop a new website due to changes in their business and to respond to the complaints of its customers, but before this is done the company will like to do research on the existing website to determine how profitable it has been and to know whether it was able to achieve its objectives. This is why Caesar Research institute has decided to do research in relation to the objectives quoted in the research brief to gather reliable information that will guide the company in developing their new website. 3.0 Research Objectives The research which we are to conduct is to achieve the underlisted objectives that have been quoted in the research brief. This is to help the company to know the profitability of the previous website and also to identify whether there was anything about the website that customers did not like about the site, in order to guide us in developing a new company website that will meet expectations the users of the site. In order to understand the quoted research objectives better, each objective have been broken down into more detail as follows; 1. To examine the attitudes of a range of current users towards the existing website What are the purposes upon which they browse Nestlà ©s current website? Do they use the website for any other purpose? Do they spend time to read information provided on the website? How often do they visit the website? Do they compare our website to that of our competitors? How do they rate our website in comparison with that of competitors? Addressing the objective this way can produce useful data as to the attitude towards the companys website 2. To determine how current users navigate through the existing website How are they able to navigate for information? How often do they use the search engine on the website? And do they get the information they want? Do they use the hyperlinks that link them to other pages? And do the hyperlinks direct them to the right destinations? Addressing the objective this way will help HFC to know how the users of companys website navigate through the existing website. 3. To compare perceptions of the organisations website relative to the websites of its competitors What do users think about the quality of Nestlà ©s website to that of competitors? Do they find Nestlà ©s website colourful than that of competitors? How resourceful do they find Nestlà ©s website in comparison with that of competitors? How easily are they able to navigate through the current website in comparison with that of Nestlà ©s competitors? What do they find interesting about competitors website that cannot be found on Nestlà ©s website? How do they rate Nestlà ©s website and that of Nestlà ©s competitors? 4. To identify the potentials for enhanced features on the website Is the website user friendly? How do they find Nestlà ©s new homepage? How fast or slow does it open when they click? How do they see Nestlà ©s new E-commerce shopping cart provided on the website? How helpful do they find Nestlà ©s new auto response help feature? How do they see Nestlà ©s new 247 chart support feature? How do they see Nestlà ©s new Flip catalogue/interactive e-catalogue? 5. To assist in the selection of the overall design or the website What do they think are the gaps in our existing website? What pictures do they wish to see in the new website to be developed? Do they wish to see animated images or still pictures? What is the reason for the choice? What feature on the website will they suggest to be improved upon? Any suggestion to what feature to be repositioned on the website? And why? 4.0Research Methodologies: In carrying out our research, we will make use both secondary and primary research methodologies to collect data that will guide us in the development o the new company website. 4.1.1Secondary/ Desk Research: Secondary research is defined as ‘information compiled inside or outside the organisation for some purpose other than the current investigation (Dibb et al 2001). However, this type tends to have been collected for other purposes other than for the current research objectives at hand. Purpose: In conducting the research, we will start with secondary research in order to know what information is available to us before we carry out primary research. This is to make use of the already stored data in the company database. This will give us insights of how and what to investigate further. Because the data already exist it saves time and money and also serves as a guide for primary research. However, this type tends to have been collected for other purposes other than for the problem or objective at hand. For this reason we will carefully examine the data in order to choose the relevant one. In order to collect relevant and concrete data for the research, we will set a criteria to guide us in screening the secondary data. The following questions will help us to do the screening: How relevant, accurate, and valid is the data? How current and reliable is the information? What is the cost involved in acquiring the information? How long does it take to quire the information? What was the purpose for which the data was collected? Is the data collected bias? Procedure: We will conduct a comprehensive research on both internal and external data sources pertaining to the website of Nestlà © for the purpose of this project. Having done that, we will give an interim report base on the research findings 4.1.2Internal Secondary Data: Internal secondary data is ‘data that have already been generated and/or collected by a business during its normal course of activity (www.esomar.org/../glossary-i.html). The internal secondary data of Nestlà © are the data that have already been collected and exist inside the company database which references could be made whenever the need arises. We will need to be provided with some data from the database to help us in the research. We will need data like; Data collected on complaints about the current website Data collected on the number of views by browsers per day We will need to be provided with ‘FAQ about the site We will need to be provided with previous expenditure made on web designs The reason for this is to have some facts pertaining to the existing website of the company to guide us in our research. 4.1.3External Secondary Data: The external secondary data are the ‘existing data that have already been collected by other organizations. (www.esomar.org/index.php/glossary-e.html). Data from outside Nestle which has been collected by individuals, or agencies for other purposes pertaining to Nestle will be referred to for information for the sake of this research. 4.1.4Justifications of Secondary Research The information already exist in one form or another, therefore it is relatively cheap It can be conducted quite quickly to provide marketing information where primary data is not yet available or not sufficient Secondary research can serve as a guide for primary research Although secondary research is important, it is not as accurate, or as useful, as specific and customized as primary research. 4.2Primary Research Primary research is defined (also called field research) involves the collection of data that does not already exist (wikipedia.org). We will conduct primary research to collect data specifically to help us achieve the set objectives in the project brief. There is the need to conduct a primary research for this project because; The secondary data collected might not reflect the research objectives at hand The data may be bias depending on who collected it In other to have a reliable and relevant data that corresponds with the current research objectives at hand, we will conduct a primary research. For this research we will address both qualitative and quantitative primary research methods to gather information. 4.2.1Qualitative Research Qualitative research is a body of research techniques which seeks insights through loosely structured, mainly verbal data rather than measurements (MRS, 2007). The qualitative research is extremely useful due to the research objectives at hand. We will start with exploratory research by using focus group discussion to tap data from browsers to guide us in developing a new website. Purpose: The purpose of the qualitative research is to help us gather in-depth information. We will undertake the research by taking a sample size of browsers of our existing website since we can not generalize to the whole population of browsers of the website. The respondents recruited will meet to discuss the following objectives as quoted in the research brief; To examine the attitudes of a range of current users towards the existing website To determine how current users navigate through the existing website To compare perceptions of the organisations website relative to the websites of its competitors To identify the potentials for enhanced features on the website To assist in the selection of the overall design or the website METHODOLOGY Focus group discussions A focus group is a form of qualitative research in which a group of people are asked about their perceptions, beliefs, opinions, and attitudes towards a product, service, concept, advertisement, idea or packaging, (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/focus_group). By using this method, we will use a moderator who will preside over the group discussions and will ask questions to seek their opinions, ideas or perceptions concerning the website of Nestlà © Ghana as stated in the project brief. The moderator will do this in an interactive group setting where group members discus the research topic freely among themselves. We will use focus group discussions because, It will help us to acquire live feedback through direct interactions with participants. It will generate quick results from a group of people It provides in-depth information to the research and provides rich data in participants own words Sampling We will use a quota sample approach to recruit participants from the lots of browsers that visit the current website. In doing this we will create criteria that will aid us to select participants and we will abide or adhere to the 1998 Data Protection Act and the MRS Code of conducts. Focus Group Browsers Groups Number of Participants Category Group 1 8 Working staff Group 2 10 Customers (users of the website) Recruitment of group participants: We will set criteria with which browsers of the site will be selected as participants of the focus group discussions. Participants will be selected by screening with short questionnaires through emails. We will do this by taking the email addresses of browsers of the website that have been stored in Nestlà ©s database made possible by their invisible web tracker code on the existing website. The selected participants will then be sent e-mail invitations in two weeks advance of the focus group discussions. The participants who meet the criteria (quota) for selection will be promised incentives. Participants from working staff will be given products from the company and cash incentive of  £50 and participants from customers who browse the website will be given the same products from the company and cash incentive of  £50. Procedure Two focus groups will be undertaken, the first group will be a group for working staff of the company, and the second customers who browse the companys website. Eighteen respondents will be recruited, of which group one consisting of working staff will be made up of eight participants, and the second group consists of customers that browse the companys website with a sample size of ten. An interviewer will be used who will preside over the group discussions, and will be well briefed with the research objectives so that what ever question he/she will ask will be centered around the project brief. All group discussions will be completed in two days. The discussions will take place at the conference center at Golden Tulip, adjacent the company on the airport street. The location will make it convenient for participants to commute and flexible for staff who are taking part in the research. Caesar Research Agency will alert participants that they are recording participants for further study of the focus group discussions by the marketing team of Nestlà ©. The session will be observed by four members of Nestlà ©s marketing team behind one-way mirror, and will be provided with concealed microphones to enable the observers to hear the discussions. The discussion guide that will be use will follow the following sequence; PHASE ONE The Introduction Phase- 30 minutes PHASE TWO The Discussion Phase 1hour a. Discussion Phase 1- (30 minutes) To examine the attitudes of a range of current users towards the existing website To determine how current users navigate through the existing website To compare perceptions of the organisations website relative to the websites of its competitors To identify the potentials for enhanced features on the website To assist in the selection of the overall design or the website b. Discussion Phase 2- (30 minutes) Projective Techniques to adopt Word Association Test and Brand Mapping PHASE THREE Summary Phase 30 minutes Recap of key points Delivery of incentives Acknowledgements Data Analysis After collecting all the data which takes the form of video, and text, it will be edited and stored on CDs to be analyzed by the marketing team of Nestlà © in order to aid them in creating of the their website. Data from transcripts will be simplified, data in graph, charts form will be followed with notes for better understanding. 4.2.2Quantitative Research: Quantitative research is a ‘research that is undertaken using a structured research approach with a sample of the population to produce quantifiable insights into behaviour motivations and attitutes (Wilson, 2006). Here we will base our research on quantifiable models, theories and hypothesis. The research will cover a wide range of users of the companys website to examine the attitudes of a range of current users towards the existing website, to determine how current users navigate through the existing website, to compare perceptions of the organisations website relative to the websites of its competitors, and to identify the potentials for enhanced features on the website. We will use Face-to-face interviews and E-mail Survey to tap data to enable us meet the research objectives. Methodology Part 1 Face-to-face Interviews: We will use face-to-face interviews due to the nature of the research objectives we wish to achieve. Despite possible interviewer bias, it can improve the quality and rate of responses. The face-to-face will enable us to meet directly with participants to tap information from them. The face-to-face interview will be advantageous in the following ways; it will ensure full and accurate data to be collected it is quick and easy to collect data the personal feeling attached to it will encourage high response from respondents It enable the interviewer to pick up nonverbal cues from respondents PROCEDURE The interview will take place at the Aseda Nestlà © Depot. The reason for this location is that, most of the people who come to purchase at the depot are mainly retailers and wholesalers, and they normally make use of our site from time to time to seek information before coming over to purchase. The interviewers will meet customers on the compound of the Aseda Nestlà © Depot to interview them in order to tap information from them concerning the research brief at hand. We will make use of three interviewers who will be trained to be prepared to handle a wide variety of potential questions and responses from the customers. Interviewers will warmly welcome the customers and ask them to spare him/her two minutes of their time to answer some few questions to help the research agency to conduct a research. The questions that will be asked will take the form of the under listed questions: How often do you visit our website? For what purpose do you use the site? Do you spend time to read information provided on the website? How often do you use the search engine on the website? How often do you use our online chat feature provided on the website What do you think about the quality of our website as compared to that of competitors? What can you find on competitors website that cannot be found on our website? What do you think are the gaps in our existing website? What images do you wish to see in the new website to be developed? Do they wish to see animated images or still pictures? What is the reason the choice? The interviewer will thank the customer for his or her time and contribution to the survey, and then give him or her some products from Nestlà ©, and then move on to interview another customer. Methodology Part 2 E-Mail Survey: E-mail survey is a research technique in which questionnaires are sent and returned by mail (www. Bnet.com). An e-mail survey will be conducted to reach a large number of people at different geographical locations. Here there will not be any strict criteria for selection of respondents. The population of interest will be customers who use the Nestlà © website, and our sample size will be 200 people. The use of the e-mail survey could be advantageous in the various ways; It is cost effective It is quick or less time consuming to conduct It reach number of respondents within a short period of time It yields rapid response Methodology A quota sample will be used where 200 participants will be selected from the population of interest (customers who use the Nestlà © website). Respondents will fall into these categories. Categories Sample size Customers 150 Working staff 50 We will refer to the database of Nestlà © to get e-mail addresses of some customers ie; hotels, restaurants, wholesale shops and retail shops. We will then send questionnaires to them through emails. We will send the mail to about 350 customers, so that we can get our sample size incase of low turn up. The questionnaire will cover the following objectives; To examine the attitudes of a range of current users towards the existing website To determine how current users navigate through the existing website To compare perceptions of the organisations website relative to the websites of its competitors To identify the potentials for enhanced features on the website To assist in the selection of the overall design or the website Participants will fill out the questionnaire by using check boxes and use the ‘reply feature on their mail software to return the completed form. To entice customers, we will assure them of a handsome package of Nestlà © products to the first 100 participants whose questionnaire will be received well answered. This is to generate a large number of responses from participants. 5.0Budget: PHASE DESCRIPTIVE COST ( £) Staff Moderators 20,000 Secondary research Purchase of relevant research paper 12,000 Qualitative research Focus group discussions 7,000 Quantitative research Face-to-face, and E-mail survey 6,000 Miscellaneous Expenses Transportation, refreshments, stationery purchase 5,000 TOTAL=50,000 6.0Reporting of Research Findings: Reports on findings and observations generated from the research will be prepared and submitted to the Marketing Department of Nestlà © Ghana. The report will include conclusions and observations of qualitative and quantitative research. A meeting between Caesar Research agency and Nestlà © Ghana Ltd will be held to review the previous report before the next stage of the research starts. A one hour oral presentation on analysis of the research data and recommendations on training areas will be presented. An electronic copy and hard copies of final reports which include detailed research findings and conclusion drawn from each stage of the research, tabulated results and fund allocation at each stage will be made recorded. 7.0Time: TASKS Weeks Project planning 1 Secondary research 2 Secondary reporting 3 Training of moderator for qualitative report 4 Recruitment of respondents 5 Qualitative Research 6 Qualitative report 7 Training of interviewers for quantitative report 8 Recruitment of respondents 9 Quantitative analysis 10 Quantitative report 11 Presentation 12 Final Report 13 8.0CV: Caesar Research agency is one of Ghanas fastest growing research agencies, using innovation research solutions to help clients develop and launch world beating products/services. We utilize the latest approaches to help our clients, and also we have extensive experience of implementing and managing quantitative and qualitative research projects within various industry sectors. Mr. Kwaku Barko is the Managing Director of Sky Research Agency. Mr. Kwaku Barko studied marketing in the University of Ghana and afterwards established his research company in the year 2002, and from then the company has enjoyed rapid growth to be among the top market leader in the industry. Caesar Research Agency has Mr. Jude Rockson as Deputy Managing Director, a top ranked marketer in Ghana. His duty is to oversee both the junior and senior staff of the company. His contributions have been of great help to the success of the company. We guarantee that all of our market research projects receive the close personal attention of a Senior Market Research Director and are undertaken according to the strict rules and standards of MRS code of conduct, the Data Protection Act of 1998 and the Esomar codes of conducts. If you are looking for advice or help with a market research project, please contact us through our online site Caesarresearchghana.com or phone us on +2330246059267. Task One (13 Sides of A4 sheets) TASK TWO (DISCUSSION GUIDE AND MODERATOR GUIDELINES) DISCUSSION GUIDE: A discussion guide is the guide prepared by a depth interviewer or focus group moderator to guide the topics under discussion (www.aqr.org.uk). The discussion guide will be prepared to help the moderator during the focus group discussions. We will use focus groups for the discussion. This is because, Focus groups allow the researcher to interact directly therefore, allows for the collection of rich data in participants own words They provide data from a group of people more quickly than interviewing people They are less expensive as compared to other methods A trained moderator will preside over the group discussion. Proceedings of the discussions will take the form of the followings; The introduction Phase The Discussion Phase The summary phase The Introduction Phase (30 minutes) The introduction phase for the discussion will be very brief and this will take about thirty minutes The moderator will welcome the participants to the group session, Introductions ; The moderator will briefly introduce him/herself. Any assistants to the group discussions will introduce themselves and explain their roles Participants will be asked to introduce themselves to the house The moderator will explain the purpose of the focus groups The time and rules for the discussions will be mentioned to participants Ethical clarifications; Participants will be informed

Tuesday, August 20, 2019

Monter Inc. Movie Essay -- essays research papers

Reverse Monsterfication   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Throughout the length of the movie, I was taken back to my childhood when there were monsters in my own closet. Over the years, the monsters have all died and been replaced by just as scary skeletons, so my closet is still full. However, to a young child monsters are still lurking in the shadows, and they still make the floor creak. The approach taken by the writers of this film is one of uniqueness and of originality. By successfully juxtaposing the situation between monster and child, the writers were able to confront a touchy subject head on. This was reached through a combination of differences represented by the monsters in the movie and between the child’s impression of monsters in real life. We all know that in real life, to a child, monsters can be very real, intimidating, and extremely terrifying. The monsters in the movie are shown to be emotional creatures, with feelings and concerns. Appropriately enough, the largest monster named Sullivan is be st friends with one of the smallest monsters named Mike. Sullivan the bear, being the largest and scariest of monsters, turns out to be the one with the largest heart and concern for the well being of a small human girl he names Boo. The movie also shows us that the monsters are actually at work, earning money. Not only are they at work, but they also have a society, relationships, and an apparent chain of leadership and authority. To top it off, the monsters are more s...

Monday, August 19, 2019

Hamlet - Shakespeares Ophelia as Modern Icon Essay -- Hamlet essays

Hamlet - Shakespeare's Ophelia as Modern Icon Shakespeare's Ophelia is not lacking in attention. As one of Shakespeare's most popular female characters she has enjoyed many appellations from the bard. '"Fair Ophelia." "Most beautified Ophelia." "Pretty Ophelia." "Sweet Ophelia." "Dear Ophelia." "Beautiful Ophelia†¦sweet maid†¦poor wretch." "Poor Ophelia."' (Vest 1) All of these names for Ophelia can be found in Shakespeare's The Tragedy of Hamlet, Prince of Denmark. Since Shakespeare's incarnation of Ophelia many have felt the need to offer their opinions of Ophelia as a character. '"Poor wispy Ophelia." "Devastated and emotionally exhausted Ophelia." "Pensive, fair-haired, blue-eyed daughter of the north." "Ophelia the young, the beauteous, the harmless, the pious." "Clumsy Ophelia†¦open-hearted but light-brained†¦incapable either of understanding or of curing." "A weak creature, wanting in truthfulness, in purpose, in force of character, and only interesting when she loses the little wits she had."' (Vest 1 ) These are only a few of the hundreds. For a character that only appears in five of the 20 scenes in Hamlet, Ophelia has garnered a great deal of attention from analysts, critics, artists, actresses, fiction writers, psychologists, and adolescent girls alike. Readers are consistently struck by her character that seems relatively insignificant in the grand scheme of things. Ophelia is many times viewed as only important in relation to Hamlet and the effect she has on him. Ophelia is not just important in this respect, but also in respect to what she tells us about the society she came out of and the society we live in today. First analyzing Shakespeare and his precursors then concentrating on the modern day prominence of ... ...s Write About Their Search For Self. New York: Harper Collins, 1999. Vest, James M. The French Face of Ophelia from Belleforest to Baudelaire. Lanham: University Press of America, 1989. Appendix 1 "Ophelia's Legs (Voyeur in a Small Town)" From Dead Snakes, Cats and the IRS, Poetry of Rock and Rebellion I watch eyes thinking of an old free man's story, seeing slanted gilts of light cat-backed mountains bristling in the distance there is an Ophelia's legs softer than blood in the trail she's unfolded toward crossed by dove's flight and spider tip-toeing- the angle determines what will notice- each's earth fingers reach through as quietly as they must be found. I see this woman, her lovers, some have been mine. The days damn here, filigreed as hair or knowing -Theresa Courtney Gillespie

Sunday, August 18, 2019

Usefullness of Mathematics in Everyday Life Essay -- Math Mathematics

Usefullness of Mathematics in Everyday Life G H Hardy once said that "Very little of mathematics is useful practically, and that little is comparatively dull". This statement is blatantly incorrect. Mathematics appears in virtually all fields in some form or another, and it is the only truly universal language. Even fields considered the opposite of mathematics, such as literature, are filled with different forms of math. Music is based very heavily on numbers, and even religions hold different numbers as sacred. Of course one could say that all these examples are merely basic arithmetic. What about higher mathematics? Can we really use algebra, probability, calculus or any other higher form of math in today's society? The answer to that question is a resounding "Yes!" Even higher mathematics has been and is still used in all sorts of fields, and it is the purpose of this paper to show just a few ways in which higher math has been applied to life. First of all, no discussion about the uses of higher mathematics in the real world would be complete without mentioning something that happened over sixty years ago. On September 3, 1939, Britain and France declared war on Germany in response to their invasion of Poland. To combat their new enemies, Germany quickly sent a land army to overrun France, and then prepared to take on England. Hitler's plan to defeat this small island was to stop all resources from getting through to them, effectively starving them into surrender. The Nazi army had a very effective weapon with which they could challenge the British supremacy of the waves, the U-boat. The German submarines wreaked havoc on the British supply routes, and Churchill knew that if a way couldn't be found to stop the German s... ...they owe the government and how to pay the least. Nearly all people on earth are affected by math everyday. Without mathematics, it is very possible that the Allies would have lost WW2 and we'd all be speaking German right now. Countless buisnesses would be alterred or totally gone if mathematics was not around. A world without math would certainly be a very different world to live in. Works Cited: [1] Davis, Donald M. The nature and power of mathematics. Princeton, N.J. : Princeton University Press, c.1993. [2] Prabhu, N. U. Stochastic storage processes : queues, insurance risk, dams, and data communication. New York : Springer, c.1998. [3] Stewart, James. Calculus: Early Trancendentals. Thomson Learning. Stanford, CT. 2001. [4] PBS Online c.1996-2001 WGBH Educational Foundation. Update Nov. 2000. http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/ <October 11, 2001>

Saturday, August 17, 2019

Bronwyn Oliver Case Study

What distinctive individual views and features can be seen in the work? A very abstract way of art. A very modernized and unusual interpretation of a unicorn. Oliver was interested in structural formation, in the principles of ‘spiraling, wrapping, binding, swelling, expanding and stretching 2. How does the work attempt to express the personal views of the Artist? The artwork automatically portrays that the artist likes to play around with her artworks, and doesn't make them in an ordinary manner. It shows us the abstract and unusual side to art. What new media is being used in a new and innovative way? Oliver used a variety of materials, including paper, resin, tissue, fiberglass, hair, copper and aluminum. The ethereal impression and supple curves of her objects belie the inherent qualities of their materials and the intensive process of their production. Artworks: 1 . Does this artwork create a connection with ideas or themes between the artist and the audience? It certainly creates a connection, perhaps a mythical one. The audience is left with questions, they're left wanting more. This is what abstract art is. 2.What re the ideas being conveyed by this artwork? Oliver's sculpture suggests a passage from one place to another, a Journey from a material dimension into an imaginative, other world. 3. How are the artworks shaped by the contemporary technology? Contemporary technology for example would be phones and computers etc. These new forms of technology have definitely shaped contemporary art. If I wanted to see Bronzy Oliver's artworks, I'd simply go on Google images and I could see them all, without having to go see it in person. Everything can be viewed over this new contemporary technology.World: 1 . How have contemporary or historical events influenced the approach the artist has taken towards the work? The materials which are used in the artwork are materials which haven't been used, towards the end of the 20th century, many new art forms came about such as; Environmental art, abstract art, street art etc. 2. How are beliefs and understood concepts being supported by the artwork or questioned by the artwork? The concept that Bronzy Oliver uses is quite an understood one, she makes sculptures out of known materials, which are also popular amongst other artists. . How have new advances in technology, scientific discoveries or medical procedures influenced the artwork? Well unicorns obviously aren't around today. Many question whether they ever were here? She is giving us the chance to view the unicorn in a completely different form, perhaps her interpretation of a unicorn. 4. How does the artwork express the new mood in society or the world? It raises the question of â€Å"are unicorns real† Bronzy Oliver I believe, liked unicorns and Just wanted us to view it in her way.Audience: 1 . How could the audience be alarmed or disturbed by the artwork? Perhaps the efferent interpretation of a unicorn could be quite distur bing or even scary. Or the abstract manner the artwork is made in. But I don't believe this artwork is alarming or disturbing. 2. What views do you think critics have formed with the work? Critics may be amazed with the way she has made her artwork, the materials which she has incorporated and her interpretation off unicorn. 3. How do you think historians may view this work?Because her artwork is about a â€Å"passage from one place to another, a journey from a material dimension into an imaginative, other world† historians might IEEE this meaning as much modernized. A view which could only have come from the late 20th century when there was an artistic revolution. 4. How do you think the general public responds to the work? I'd believe that they be amazed by the artwork. The time and effort it took to make this modernized unicorn. I also believe they be amazed with the meaning behind it, a truly amazing artwork.Question: Referring to this ‘case study Artist, name one o r two frames which best describe the viewpoint of the artist. Describe why you believe this (or these) Frames best describes sews the artist has to create the works. Give Examples of three works in your explanation. Unicorn 1984 – Bronzy Oliver's sculpture can best be described with the structural frame. It is of organic forms which twist and turn to convey a quiet energy. The delicate friction between surface and depth breathes life into her objects: dense surfaces with translucent and vital interiors of air and light.Her objects are often sphere-like with hollow spaces or openings – openings which lead to somewhere else, devolving from where they started. In the exchange between these aspects, Oliver's sculpture suggests a passage from one place to another, a Journey from a material dimension into an imaginative, other world. Oliver used a variety of materials, including paper, resin, tissue, fiberglass, hair, copper and aluminum. The ethereal impression and supple c urves of her objects belie the inherent qualities of their materials and the intensive process of their production.As a result copper appears lithe, its resiliency creatively subverted. Comet II 1988 – This artwork is best described with the subjective and cultural frame. The intricately woven copper form of ‘Comet II' represents a seminal shift in Bronzy Oliver's early practice. Exhibited in the artist's self-titled show at Rosily Cooley Gallery in 1988, this work is one of the earliest instances of Oliver's craftsmanship with copper, having previously sculpted with materials such as paper, cane and fiberglass.The work is a stunning example of what would become the artist's signature practice; the painstaking manipulation of copper into elegant, deceptively simple forms which echo the organic shapes of plant and sea life. While this sculpture undoubtedly evokes the idiosyncratic structure of a Jellyfish, the title of the ark sends our imaginings in a dual direction: no t only to the depths of the ocean, but also to the outer reaches of the universe. In titling the work ‘Comet II' the artist complicates the way that we initially see the artwork, pulling into focus the fabulous ambiguity and infinite possibilities of Oliver's forms.Dirigible 1989 – This artwork is best described using the structural frame. The easy, voluptuous curves of the work disguises the painstaking nature of the artist's process; twisting and welding the pliant copper wire to create the intricate metal weave. The microcosmic, complex surface of the work is an interface between the elegant form of the sculpture's overall shape and the internal cavity or void where the sculpture breathes. It is at once fragile and forbidding; crafted from metal and yet seemingly weightless.Bronzy Oliver alludes to these intriguing tensions in the title of the work ‘Dirigible' – a term for a blimp, or airship supported by its own buoyancy. The three dimensional presence of this work is so demanding that even the shadow that it produces is outstanding. Practice: 1 . Name the work and the artist. Describe the steps you believe the artist has taken to create their work. Comet II 1988, by Bronzy Oliver. This is an artwork which has been made from intricately woven copper in the form of a comet II.An artwork like this would have taken great effort, to weave copper. The steps I believe which were taken would be, the idea of making something. She first would have had to come up with something, then she'd have to decide what materials she was going to use, which in this case was copper. And then the technique she'd use to make it which in this case was also weaving. 2. List the media the artist has used and discuss how this is important to the overall effect. The media Bronzy Oliver has used is copper, and the technique she chose was weaving.Perhaps to show the intricacy of the artwork. Or to purely show what she could do. This adds sophistication to the a rtwork and the overall effect. 3. Describe the process the artist has used? The steps I believe Bronzy Oliver would have taken would be, firstly an idea of what to make. She would have had to come up with something, then she'd have to decide what materials she was going to use, which in this case was copper. And then the technique she'd use to make it which in this case was also weaving. 4. Name the new technologies used by this artist.Use examples of artworks to help describe this. Her artworks were generally crafted from patented copper and bronze. Their fragile appearance, which transcends the robust and industrial character of their material, belies a strength that is often based on successful geometry found in nature such as tubes, spirals and membranes, this is shown in the artwork â€Å"unicorn†, and also in â€Å"comet II†. Essay: â€Å"Explain how Bronzy Oliver maintains a strong personal relationship with her artworks. You must refer to specific works in you r essay' Use three works.Bronzy Oliver definitely maintains a strong personal relationship with her artworks, this is portrayed with the meaning of each artwork. Every artwork that she makes displays her own views, and each one was made for a reason. The three works which display her strong personal relationship are; Survivor 1988, Lunar 2001 and Swathe 1997. Bronzy Oliver's artwork Survivor 1988, is an example of how strong a relationship she withheld with her artworks. Oliver's mysterious copper sculpture is like a relic covered from an archaeological dig.The year this work was produced the artist held a solo exhibition at Rosily Cooley Gallery titled ‘Objects From Another Time', and it is clear from the title ‘Survivor' that Oliver also intended this sculpture to invoke a mythical history. By transforming the surface of the copper with a blue and green patina, the artist creates the illusion of the ancient past, reminiscent of a Bronze Age relic. In 1988 Oliver was ar tist-in-residence in the French city of Brest where she researched the metal work techniques of the Cells.It was their traditions that turned ere onto the creation of spiral structures in her work, which is evident in the conch- like form of ‘Survivor'. Oliver's strong personal relationship is also portrayed through the artwork Lunar 2001 , where she has once again twisted and turned the copper into a circular shape, with many complex designs on the outside. Amanda Rowel explains â€Å"The microcosmic, complex surface of an Oliver sculpture is an interface between the macro form of its overall shape and the internal cavity or void where the sculpture breathes.The ease of connection between these three formal aspects of her works long with their gently mimetic character – as alluded by their titles – constitute their elegance and simple pleasure. † This portrays that Bronzy Oliver looks to her artworks almost as living things, her connection goes far beyond that of artist and artwork. The third artwork which resembles that strong connection between artist and artwork is Swathe 1997. She wanted her own works to spark the imagination of viewers in the same way as poetry, simultaneously distilling an essence whilst opening doors to multiple interpretations.The artwork Swathe sparked the imagination of viewers through its intricate webbing and meshing which required extraordinary technical virtuosity involving the manipulation of materials such as copper wire, bronze and aluminum, in this case Just woven copper. Rather than mimicking or abstracting nature, her works suggest a profound interest in the timeless forms of geometry occurring in the natural world. Some may argue whether she's an environmental artist, with a passion for nature. In conclusion, with reference to the three artworks. An obvious relationship is portrayed, this is shown through the complex meanings of each artwork, and the