Tuesday, January 28, 2020

Importance of Choice in the Strategy Formulation

Importance of Choice in the Strategy Formulation In recent years, international hospitality industry, like any other industry, has been affected by the effects of globalization, the information technology revolution, and the consumer demand. Hence, the targets in tourism have suffered considerable alterations and forced hospitality managers to re- examine their decision-making plans. Hospitality is difficult to manage and assess as long as it deals with a new awareness and addresses to new demands. Its level can be given through the customer feedback. For tourism to be considered an industry it must have a production process and a generic product mutually and inseparably related. The purpose of this chapter is to focus attention upon the theoretic aspects regarding the strategic choices in this field, the way they are elaborated, implemented, used, and put into practice. To be more precise, the chapter looks at the strategic choices used be Romania and Bulgaria on the sea side tourism. 2.2. STRATEGIC CHOICE 2.2.1. IMPORTANCE OF CHOICE IN THE STRATEGY FORMULATION PROCESS Ranking the elements in a strategy formulation process, strategic choice comes third. When there are no choices, there can be little value in considering strategy at all. To be better understood, a definition of strategy is necessary to mention. According to Michael Baker, Marketing strategy is a process that can allow an organization to concentrate its resources on the optimal opportunities with the goals of increasing sales and achieving a sustainable competitive advantage.(See Baker, MICHAEL, The Strategic Marketing Plan Audit, 2008, ISBN,p.3 ). According to the above definition, any strategy must have a pre established plan which establishes goals, identifies alternatives, and makes use of intuition and experience. In other words, it includes basic activities on a long term, as well as objectives. In general, small companies are limited by their resources, whereas large ones find it difficult to change quickly. Even when managers seem free to make strategic choices, the results may depend in the same measure on chance and opportunity, as on the managers deliberate choices. It is proven fact that events, and especially unexpected events, can play a major part in determining results. Any process of choice could be divided into four steps: Identifying options Evaluating the options against preference criteria Selecting the best option Taking action In practice, it may be difficult to identify all possible actions at the same time. Sometimes, unexpected events create new opportunities, destroy the foreseen ones, or alter the balance of advantage between opportunities. For these reasons, good strategic choices have to be challenging enough and achievable. And here comes analysis, judgment and skills, elements which make the difference in defining strategies. 2.2.2 STRUCTURE OF STRATEGIC CHOICE The Figure 1.1 shows how the three logical elements of strategy formulation process interact. The shaded background is a reminder of the importance of context in determining the aspects to be solved by strategic choice. Figure 1.2 expands the detail so that to illustrate the significance of the overlaps. The common ground between any two circles is of some interest, but it is only where all three circles overlap that viable options exist. Thus, the chosen strategy is a viable option because it is here where intent and assessment fully meet. Of interest are also the areas where any two circles overlap. So, the criteria for choice derive from intent and assessment. In practice, the process for choosing a strategy may be structured like in Figure 1.3. It starts by identifying available options. Any chosen strategy will have to answer the questions what , how , why , who , and when in order to provide answers to each of these questions. There are likely to be different kinds of options. Figure 1.3 shows three types: products/ services / markets, resources/ capabilities, and methods of progress. They are typical but not necessarily exhaustive. 2.2.3 OPTIONS FOR MARKETS AND PRODUCTS / SERVICES The tourism industry is a constellation of businesses, agencies, and non-profit organizations which work together to create products. Thus, the type of option relates to which products or services to offer in which markets. The diagram in Figure 1.4 structures a certain decision, as it was suggested for the first time by Igor Ansoff .The axes of the diagram represent the product, market needs, and market geography. The last is defined by four cells. The possible choices about products and markets can be represented as movements within or away from these cells. One set of choices is possible within the existing product / market set. Do nothing choice means continuing the present strategy. This strategy compares any proposed change with the do nothing option as a baseline. This option, however, is not often viable for the long term as competitors will be likely to gradually take the market by improving their product, processes, relationships. Withdraw choice is leaving the market by closing down or selling out .This may seem a negative option but necessary to focus available resources into areas of greater strength. It mainly occurs in declining markets. Consolidate choice refers to attempting to hold market share in existing markets. This is a defensive option which involves cutting costs and prices. It mostly occurs in mature markets or ones beginning to decline. Market Penetration choice means increasing market share within the same market. This is a more aggressive option and involves investing in product improvement, advertising, or channel development. Other possible options are Product Development that is developing and acquiring new products and Market Development, an option which addresses to new market needs. Diversification is another type of option having to do with new products. It may be of two kinds: related and unrelated. Related diversification, in its turn, divides into: backward, forward, and horizontal integration. Any management choice has to focus on the relative attractiveness of available options. Whether the present position is bad enough, even risky alternatives are preferable to doing nothing. 2.2.4 OPTIONS IN METHODS OF IMPLEMENTATION Options are likely to occur in methods of implementation as well. There are four main methods to make companies grow their capabilities: internal development, acquisition, contractual arrangements, and strategic alliances. Internal development is the most obvious approach to growth. It involves developing the necessary skills among the existing staff and acquiring the necessary production capacity. This method has one disadvantage: it takes time for the competitors to move faster, otherwise opportunities may be lost. Acquisition is a very common implementation option, used by such countries as the UK and USA. Take overs and mergers are dominant for this method of implementation. The disadvantage for mergers is that they can cause operational and psychological disorder which distracts the people. Competitors can use this turmoil in their benefit as they are free to concentrate on customers rather than on internal changes. Many acquisitions may be beneficial at the right price, but may also destroy shareholder value at a too high price. Contract arrangements, regardless of their type, have in common the need for a written contract which binds two or more parties into a clear agreement as to who will do what and pay what. When disputes happen they can be handled in courts by agreed arbitration procedures, or by not renewing the present contract at the expiry. The contract arrangements come in different forms: Consortia are groups of companies that form a joint entity for a specific purpose. When this purpose is achieved, the consortium breaks up and the separate partners may find themselves competing in different consortia for a new project. Franchising is common in retailing. The franchisee pays the franchiser a fee for services and royalties. The franchisee is halfway between an employee and an independent entrepreneur. His risk is limited by the previous success of the brand name and the support and advice given by the franchiser. Licensing allows a small inventive company to license its product to be manufactured and marketed by others. This can determine quick growth by avoiding the need to build manufacturing or distribution capability. Agents imply doing business in foreign countries or specialized markets where the volume of business is too low to justify a permanent presence. The agent must be familiar with local requirements and calls for additional support from the principal when opportunities arise. There are conflicts among agents which include conflicts of interest. Strategic alliances and partnerships have come into fashion over the last decade .When there are contracts between the parties, there is a wider intention to cooperate at a strategic level in order to share information and to work together in a way that goes beyond a clear contractual arrangement. It is considered that for a rapidly changing world, strategic alliances are the only way to achieve speed of response and global spread. 2.2.5. GROUPING OPTIONS INTO STRATEGIC OPTIONS Possible options about product / markets, resources / capabilities, and the method of implementation must be combined into a smaller number of strategic options. This may be an up or down process. The bottom -up approach implies linking what might be done in detail into strategies. The top- down approach means testing general ideas of future direction against detailed options. 2.2.6. GENERAL TESTS OF STRATEGIC OPTIONS The tests, important otherwise, cannot be totally objective. Each strategic option has to pass two tests as shown in Figures 1.2 and 1.3 .These tests must be: Aligned in that it conforms to the strategic intent. This test answers the question: Does this option take us where we want to? Feasible in that the capabilities and resources needed to get success can be made available. The test answers the following question: Will it work? Acceptance is a third test, related to the two mentioned above, asking the question: Will this option be acceptable? Acceptable means to win the approval of two groups: those who will have to approve it and those who will have to implement it. Any strategic option has to pass all these three tests. In the case when more than one strategic option passes these tests, they have to be compared with each other to find the best solution, at that particular moment. It is also important to take into account such situations as risks. 2.2.7. THEORETICAL FRAMEWORKS FOR ASSISTING STRATEGIC CHOICE There have been several attempts to provide theoretical frameworks for making strategic choices .One highly influential, was the concept of Generic Strategies, devised in 1985 by Porter. He mentioned that the most important choices dealing with any business are the scope of the markets. It is about how to serve and how to compete in the chosen markets. The scope can be broad- tackling the whole market , or narrow tackling one particular part of the market. Companies achieve competitive advantage either by having the lowest product cost or by having products which are different in ways valued by customers. The axes of Figure 1.5 are the scope of the chosen market and chosen basis of competition. The four quadrants in the same figure suggest four possible strategies. When the scope is narrow, the distinction between cost and differentiation becomes unimportant so Porter mentions only three generic strategies : coast leadership, differentiation, focus. While differentiation implies a difference in the perception of the product by clients, focus implies a difference in target market. According to Porter, the weakest strategy is b being stuck in the middle . Managers were enthusiastic about generic strategies when first published. Gradually, the reality showed a distinction between differentiation and cost. Few companies afford to ignore cost however different their product may be. On the other side, there are very few companies to admit that their product is the same as all the others. Porters Generic Strategy Model has been extended into the Strategy Clock (Figure 1.6) The important addition is the hybrid strategy, an optional balance between price and the added value perceived by the customer. The offerings may often fall into three categories. There are cheap offerings for those customers to whom the price is the most important aspect. At the other end are the luxury offerings with high quality and appeal to those customers who want the best and most differentiated. In the middle, are the good valued offerings which compromise between the other two and offer a good trade off between price and value. 2.3 STRATEGIC CHOICES USED BY ROMANIA AND BULGARIA When discussing this issue, it is important to focus upon the targets in tourism, targets that have changed in accordance with the new demands. Among these targets, here are some: Increasing visitor satisfaction Increasing the amount visitor spend for services Delivering the best prices Reducing seasonality Involving the local authorities to create community In terms of hotel industry, Romania has inherited a great tourist accommodation capacity from the communist period. Since the 1960s Romania had developed many accommodation facilities, mainly on the sea- side coast of the Black Sea. The low ranked hotels from this area are convenient for a mass tourism demand. After the 1990s the main tourism indicators have pointed out two distinctive periods on the Romanian market. These are characterized by severe government instability and lack of policies and strategies regarding the tourism industry. During 1990 2000 there was a slow intensity of the privatization process, only 55, 3 % of the accommodation facilities were private owned. After 2001 , Romanian tourism industry has followed and increasing trend due to an accelerated privatization , 92 % of the accommodation facilities have been transformed from state owned to private owned .Lots of investments have occurred in modernizing the accommodation structures and increasing the volume of the green field investments. Elaborating and applying strategies in Romanian tourism companies is a complex process, alive, and in continuing expansion. Meanwhile, Bulgaria has come in with a dynamic and harsh competition .This has determined the need to change this industry by elaborating new strategies which focus on perspective , positioning , plan , and pattern. The differentiation strategy, suggested by Porter, is the strategy that the Romanian hotels are following. The Romanian hotel market considers that differentiation can be the result of a strong marketing campaign meant to strengthen the unique characteristics of the product / services within the mentality of the customers. The hotels in Romanian market are pursuing a focus differentiation strategy. They are producing products and services for the high price market segments. Another strategy used by Romania is the training strategy. Within the service sector, it is of great importance to exist an interaction client employee. The customers satisfaction is given by the behavior of the employees. The hybrid strategy is pursued by those hotels which envision a decrease f the distribution costs and those that renounce to the unprofitable clients. These hotels attempt to sustain their strategy by the use of the Internet and E- commerce. The tourism industry in Bulgaria plays an important part in the countrys economy. Accession to the UE has had a great impact on its market, as the seaside summer resorts on the Black Sea Coast are the main attraction. One of the strategies used by Bulgarian hoteliers is to base their prices on the products perceived value .Value based pricing means that the marketer cannot design a product and a marketing program and then fix the price. Price is a worth value to consider .The company uses the non- prices variables to build in the buyers minds a perceived value by setting prices to match the perceived value. ( Kotler , 2003 ).To simplify, hoteliers are aware that consumers must feel as if they get a good deal for their money. Perceived value is the key of any good pricing strategy. Bulgarians also use the differentiating strategy. Their purpose is to offer unique products and services so as to obtain a price premium. In other words, by implementing differentiated services or personalized services , a company can build its customer loyalty when substitute products or services are not available in the market. In this way, they charge their customers a higher price than their rivals based on the cost of the delivery system and service quality. The coast- leadership strategy has made the Bulgarian hospitality a name. Researchers in the fields of marketing and strategic management have suggested numerous approaches to help firms achieve cost leadership. Some of these are using mass production techniques, achieving economies of scale, adopting a new technology, achieving mass -distribution, reducing input costs , achieving resource, and improving access to raw materials. 2.4 SUMMARY Strategic choice is the third logical element of the strategy process, playing a central role. The process of choice is deciding between different options. There are likely to be possible options about a product and services and about market segments defined by both customer need and geography. Indicators between what is possible and what is required may follow from the results of a strategic assessment. The various options may inter-relate so it is necessary to identify a small number of strategic options made up of appropriately related options. Strategic options have to be aligned, acceptable, and feasible. If here is more than one strategic option, that meets these tests, they need to be compared both logically and politically in order to take a final decision.

Monday, January 20, 2020

The Impact of Domestic Violence on Children Essay example -- Violence

Depression and post traumatic stress disorder are two of the main illnesses seen in children after being exposed to domestic violence. Among depression and post traumatic stress disorder, there are multiple sub-categories to help place the severity of the disorder. Many influences can change the severity of a disorder in the child including but not limited to: length of exposure, type of exposure, and time-lapse since the exposure. Domestic violence is defined as violence between members of a household such as that of a married couple or a parent to one’s child. Some cases of domestic violence can just be through witnessing while some of the more scarring events occur directly to the child. Domestic violence can be separated into three smaller categories: physical abuse, sexual abuse, and psychological abuse. The most common type of domestic violence is done through physical abuse. This can include hitting, kicking, punching, choking, etc. Physical abuse can be minor in that it just leaves bruises or a bad memory, but physical abuse can also be as serious as broken bones, time in the hospital, or as serious as death. Sexual abuse is also a very common type of abuse. Pressuring a child to do sexual acts, child pornography, and unwanted penetration to a child’s genitals are all forms of sexual abuse. Psychological abuse is the least common form of abuse performed. Psychological abuse does e xactly what the name states. It’s abuse to someone through their mind such as telling someone they are fat or that they are ugly. Domestic violence can be scary for the young children who witness it. Depending on the situation, domestic violence can have negative outcomes that can stay with the child for the rest of his... ...ional Journal 34 (2010): 448-453. EBSCO. Smith, Barbera E., Laura B. Nickles, Darlanne Hoctor Mulmat, and Heather J. Davies. Helping Children Exposed To Domestic Violence:Law Enforcement And Community Partnerships. Washington D.C: American Bar Association, 2000. Print. "The Facts on Health Care and Domestic Violence." Family Violence Prevention Fund. University California, San Francisco, n.d. Web. 7 Oct. 2014. . "Turning Point Domestic Violence and Sexual Assault Services." Turning Point Domestic Violence and Sexual Assault Services. N.p., n.d. Web. 9 Sept. 2014. . Volpe, Joseph S. "Effects of Domestic Violence on Children and Adolescents: An Overview." American Academy of Experts in Traumatic Stress. N.p., 1996. Web. 7 Sept. 2014. .

Saturday, January 11, 2020

What Was the Renaissance Like

1 . What was the Renaissance like? Account for its main features. The term â€Å"Renaissance† is from the same French word, meaning â€Å"rebirth. † It comes from the Italian Reenactments, â€Å"Re† meaning â€Å"again† and â€Å"nascence† meaning â€Å"be born. † The Renaissance was a cultural movement that spanned roughly the 14th to the 17th century, beginning in Italy in the Late Middle Ages (Tuscany) and later spreading to the rest of Europe. Its influence affected literature, philosophy, art, politics, science, religion, and other aspects of intellectual enquiry.As a cultural movement, the Renaissance period encompassed a rebellion of lassie-based learning, the development of linear perspective in painting, and gradual but widespread educational reform. Traditionally, this intellectual transformation has resulted in the Renaissance being viewed as a bridge between the Middle Ages and the Modern era. Although the Renaissance saw revoluti ons in many intellectual pursuits, as well as social and political upheaval, it is perhaps best known for its artistic developments and the contributions of such polymaths as Leonardo dad Vinci and Michelangelo, who inspired the term â€Å"Renaissance man†.The leading intellectual trait of the era was the recovery, to a certain degree, of the secular and humane philosophy of Greece and Rome. Another humanist trend which cannot be ignored was the rebirth of individualism, which, developed by Greece and Rome to a remarkable degree, had been suppressed by the rise of a caste system in the later Roman Empire, by the Church and by feudalism in the Middle Ages. Medieval Christianity restricted individual expression, fostered self-abnegation and self-annihilation, and demented implicit faith and unquestioning obedience.Furthermore, the Church officially ignored man and nature. Http://www. Timpani. Com/renaissance. HTML Literature (characteristics): Emphasis on classical studies in t he expanding universities. -Increasing literacy among the laity. -Learning increased rapidly. -New schools were founded throughout Britain, in rural villages as well as cities. -Growth of a critical, skeptical type of scholarship, leading to scientific inquiry. -Increasing trade leads to individual wealth, general prosperity, nationalism, and materialism. -Gradual movement from unquestioned religious beliefs toward a more human- centered philosophy. Emphasis on human potential, not God's power, believing one's role in life should be action, not religious contemplation. Language: English had triumph over French as the spoken language. It became the language of scholarship, replacing Latin, and the language of theology. It had no bounds to its development. As regards vocabulary, much growth came from the learned words borrowed from Latin and Greek, but explorers and overseas tradesmen brought an influx of words from many foreign languages. New words were invented daily. Spelling was e rratic.In pronunciation, many words were stressed on different syllables from the ones currently emphasized. Changes in grammatical elements: -Pronouns: ye was replaced by you. -Verbs: the endings the changed to s. . Explain how the Philosophy of Humanism differs from the ideals held during the Middle English Period. Humanism is a system of thought that considers that solving human problems with the help of reason is more important than religious beliefs. It emphasizes the fact that the basic nature of humans is good. It is secular-minded – religion is no longer the orientation.Humanism was not a philosophy per SE, but rather a method of learning. In contrast to the medieval scholastic method, which focused on resolving contradictions between authors, humanists would study ancient texts in the original, typically Ritter in Latin or ancient Greek, and appraise them through a combination of reasoning and empirical evidence. A) Mention the key representatives among Humanists wri ters -Sir Thomas More: he was a humanist and lawyer, the first layman to become Chancellor. Best known for his work Utopia (no place or good place), which tells of an ideal state with the truly representative government.It was written in Latin, addressing to all scholars in Europe (names were in Greek). He describes his ideas of a perfect society. His work gave rise to the Utopian literature (new genre), presented as an ideal of perfection. Tyndale: was the first translator of the Renaissance, a defender of the faith who creates new words that didn't exist in English. His work as a translator was opposed in England and he was forced to live in Germany, where he produced the first English version of the Bible between 1525 and 1531 – King James: made the first authorized version of the Bible.He used an archaic language so as to sound formal, show respect, and create a more distant atmosphere. It was a collected work of all the previous translations. – Sir Thomas Eliot: w ith â€Å"The book named the Governor† -Protestant/Anglican: Tyndale, Coverall Protestant/Calvinist: Geneva Bible -Catholic: Today Bible b) Focus on Thomas More and explain why his Utopia is a Renaissance literary work Sir Thomas Mere's most famous work is essentially a dialogue between More, and an imaginary character Raphael Hathaway.In the conversation between the two men, More learns that Hathaway is a traveler who has been all over the world with America Vesuvius and had been left to explore the island of Utopia (nowhere). Hathaway explains how life in England has many evils in society in all aspects of life from political to social aspects. He then explains how the people of Utopia handled Hess everyday problems to make it the perfect nation. Sir Thomas Mere's Utopia is a satire – the name Raphael Hathaway meaner â€Å"dispenser of nonsense†-.The book also makes fun at many aspects of society in England during the time period such as the severity of crimin al law and the growing luxury of the wealthy class at the expense of the poor class's life of increased hardship. More can successfully accomplish the feat of criticizing the government because the character that is making the critical analysis of England is made up. By using this technique in Utopia, More can publicize his own thoughts on the nation thou being called out for treason to the crown. 3. Focus on the Sonnet Sonnet: short song, a lyrical poem in 14 lines. ) How does the Patriarchal sonnet compare to the Elizabethan sonnet? Patriarch wrote sonnets that consider love in an early renaissance sense; that is, they idealism the beloved lady, and they focus on the divine qualities she possesses, while lamenting the pain the speaker feels in not being with her. Each sonnet of fourteen lines considers one proposition in the opening octave of eight lines, and then considers the reverse or opposing view in the final sestets, or six lines. The switch from one view to its opposite is called the Volta.Shakespeare wrote sonnets in a much later period, and pokes fun at the idea that his beloved lady could possibly represent divine beauty. In addition, he took the English form of the sonnet, developed by the Earl of Surrey and Thomas Wyatt, which included a final rhyming pair of lines, called a rhyming couplet. Shakespeare then pursued the same proposition throughout the entire sonnet until the very end, often pushing the Volta to the final couplet. -Structure of the Sonnet Patriarchal sonnet: -Each line has 5 feet consisting of either one unstressed syllable followed by en stressed syllable (iambic pentameter).Each line has 10 syllables in all. -The poem is divided into two parts: the octave (8 lines – divided in two groups of 4 lines) and the sestets (6 lines – divided in two groups of 3 lines). -Between the octave and the sestets two main ideas are compared Octave: presentation, problem, argument, question. Sestets: solution, conclusion, answer. Or balance -The rhyme scheme at the end of each line of the octave is: baobab; the sestets often varies, CDC or ceded. Elizabethan, Shakespearean or English sonnet: -Each line is in iambic pentameter.The poem is divided into four parts: 3 quatrains (4 lines each) and a final couplet (2 lines). -The rhyme scheme is usually: ABA CDC fee / egg – Shakespeare. ABA Bcc CDC / e – Spencer. Http://suites 01 . Com/article/differences-between-the-patriarchal-and-the- Shakespearean-sonnet-a374838 b) Why can sonnets be equated to miniatures? C) Which is the function performed by the rhyming couplet in 16th century sonnets? The 6th-century sonnets were written to display the great cleverness, sophistication, and skill of the poet.Generally speaking, sonnets were more self- centered than their love rhetoric might initially suggest. Although they often purport to express private emotions from the poet to a beloved, they were usually meant not for private communication, but for â€Å"pu blic† consumption amongst a circle of Courtly readers. In other words, they were written to impress others rather than to convey genuine emotion. The great majority of 16th-century sonnets were written to explore unrequited romantic love. It was assumed that the speaker would be a besotted man and the beloved a resistant, disdainful, or otherwise unavailable woman.The speaker spends much of his time trying to persuade the beloved to sleep with him. Patriarch developed a number of conventions for describing love's varied pleasures and torments and the beauty of the beloved. Sonnets abound in wordplay: puns, double-entendre, multiple meanings, and clever figures of speech. The most common figures of speech used in 16th-century sonnets include the conceit, the blazon, and personification. Http://www. Lima. Ohio-state. Du/debarks/sonnet. HTML d) Which are the current themes in sonnets? Compare Patriarchal themes to Shakespearean themes. Courtly love: love as pain (unrequited); lov e as a labyrinth; love as passion stronger than will; loves as chains – you cannot escape. Art. -Time: poetry could stop the passage of time – preserve a particular moment. -Death. -Historical figures -Love at first sight, obsessive yearning and loveliness, frustration, love as parallel to feudal service; Patriarchal themes: The lady as ideally beautiful, ideally virtuous, miraculous, beloved in heaven, and destined to early death; Love as virtue, love as idolatry, love as sensuality; The god of love with his arrows, fires, whips, chains; War within the self- hope, fear, Joy, sorrow.Conceits, wit, urbane cleverness; disputations and scholastic precision; Allegory, personification; Wooing, exhortation, outcry; Praise, blame; self-examination, Self-accusation, self-defense; Repentance and the farewell to love. Shakespeare themes: One interpretation is that Shakespearean sonnets are in part a pastiche or parody of the three-centuries-old tradition of Patriarchal love sonn ets; Shakespeare consciously inverts conventional gender roles as delineated in Patriarchal sonnets to create a more complex and potentially troubling depiction of human love.He also violated many sonnet rules, which had been strictly obeyed by his fellow poets: he plays with gender roles, he speaks on human evils that do not eve to do with love, he comments on political events, he makes fun of love, he speaks openly about sex, he parodies beauty, and even introduces witty pornography e) Account for the main contributions made by renaissance consenters: Wyatt, Surrey, Lily, Sidney and Spencer. To do so, focus in the themes these consenters privilege and the main devices they employ. Provide 2 examples of their poetry. ** Wyatt: Betrayal is a prevalent theme in Watt's work.Typically, the narrator is the wronged person and the poem serves to expose betrayals involving affairs of the heart along with political and social treachery. In Watt's work, the fickle nature of women can rear it s head at any time and a courtier could be given the cold shoulder on the whim of the king – especially true in Henry Vic's time. For example, in ‘They Flee From Me', the narrator details being forsaken both by a woman he loved and by acquaintances who once sought his guidance. Watt's narrators experience lash out from the pain but also dejectedly accept their position.In ‘My Heart I Gave Thee', the narrator realizes that to pursue the one who wronged him is pointless. Still, the betrayed are not without their cutting words and extreme motions. ‘Lug! My Fair Falcon', believed to have been written during Watt's imprisonment, contains vivid imagery (like lice away from dead bodies they crawl') to illustrate the cruelty of betrayal. Even God abandons him. He follows Patriarchal theme of courtly love ** Henry Howard, Earl of Surrey The tight rhyme scheme is not Surrey's only sonic device: there's plenty of alliteration, too. Brittle beauty†, â€Å"tickle treasure†, â€Å"slipper in sliding†, â€Å"Jewel of Jeopardy† are among the most noticeable examples, but almost every line makes use of the device to some degree. Influenced by Wyatt, he popularizes English form of sonnet while adding the theme of nature. He did much to establish the tradition of courtly concerned with arts and letters. He translated the Amended, making first use of blank verse (unrushed iambic pentameter). ** John Lily He is best known for Pushes (puppyish – style) which has trivial and twisted plots but was read for its alliterative style and extravagant language.He is involved in the writing of Drama. He takes his imagery from classical learning. There are classical allusions, symmetry, parallelism, alliteration. People loved it so much that he wrote a second part of Pushes. * Sir Philip Sidney He was the first English literary critic. He argues that poetry has the function of both teaching and delighting. The great end of learning is the living of a virtuous life, and the inspired poet can lead readers to the highest truths. Prose: -Arcadia: as Lily, he uses the prose for ornamental use and has a twisted plot. Device used: pathetic fallacy, beyond personification.He gives inanimate objects willing and feelings of their own. He uses imagery from nature – sounds more fresh. Poetry: -Catastrophes and Stella: first sequence of related sonnets in English. Catastrophes (star lover) – Stella (star) *Edmund Spencer: He was the first important modern English poet. His poetry continues in the allegorical verse tradition of the Middle Ages. His allegories, however, were much more complex than previous ones on three levels: moral, historical, and personal. Allegories were suggested by the character's names: Vanity, Queen of Pride, Gluttony.Readers should be alert to the multilevel meaning of each character. Spencer divides a nine line stanza, rhyming Babcock, now known as the Spenserian stanza. The first eigh t lines of the stanza are in iambic pentameter, the last is an Alexandrine (iambic hexameter). Faerie Queen: culmination of allegorical tradition. It brings together history, folklore, patriotism, political thought, humanism, Protestant idealism, epic and romance, etc. Amaretto: a sonnet sequence f) Analyses The Hind by Wyatt and the sonnet that begins â€Å"Since brass, nor stone†¦ By Shakespeare. The Hind by Wyatt Wyatt uses the sonnet form, which he introduced to England from the work of Patriarch. The Patriarchal sonnet typically has 14 lines. The first 8 lines, or octet, introduce a problem or issue for contemplation and the remaining six lines, or sestets, offers a resolution or an opinion. Wyatt uses iambic manometer. This meaner that there are five pairs of syllables, each with the stress on the second syllable. It is the most common rhythm used in traditional poetry and was used by Shakespeare in his sonnets, poems and plays.Iambic pentameter, though a regular rhythm, was thought to be closest to ordinary speech patterns, so it is an attempt to imitate but also elevate the sounds of everyday conversation. By opening the poem with a question, the narrator challenges the reader. There is an invitation in his words, and the use of an exclamation mark at the end of the first line implies excitement at the idea. As hunting was a popular pastime in the court of Henry VIII, this suggests a poem along the lines of Henry Vic's own most famous lyric, ‘Pastime With Good Company.However, problem within the octet is revealed in line 2 as the poet tells us that he is no longer part of the hunt. An exclamation mark is used in line 2, again to emphasize emotion, but this time frustration and regret. This is a passionate yet contradictory introduction. Line 3 makes use of assonance to reveal the poet's earlier hunting efforts as Vain travail' which has tired him out to the point of physical pain. We can see that the memo is an extended metaphor for the end of a relationship. The metaphor is an excellent choice in terms of the Tudor court and the possible situation to which it is attributed.The poet is now at the tail end of the pursuit, although, he says in line 5 that his mind has not deviated from the hunt. Wyatt makes use of enjambment (breaking a phrase over more than one line of verse) and caesura (concluding a phrase within the first half of a line of verse) across lines six and seven to highlight the discord represented by the end of the relationship as he subverts and challenges his own chosen structure. In line 8, the poet uses the concluding line of the octet to stress the futility of his former quest. He uses the metaphor of catching the wind in a net to emphasize the pointlessness of his chase.The final sestets begins with line 9 reiterating the appeal to those who wish to join the hunt, but he continues in to line 10 to explain that the pursuit will be in vain for them too. Again there is an exclamation mark to indicate an intensity of feeling. Line 11 continues the extended metaphor as an explanation of why his hunt of this ‘hind', and that of others who pursue her, is so pointless. She has a bejewel collar, indicating she already has an owner. Her collar is adorned with the Latin phrase ‘Noel Me teenager' meaning touch me not'. This expression refers to a phrase spoken by Jesus to Mary Magdalene in the Bible.The design also includes the name of her owner – for Career's I am. ‘ If we identify the poem as referring to Anne Volley, then her new owner would be King Henry VIII; the pair were married around the time when this poem was composed and Wyatt could no longer compete for her affections. By describing Henry using the allusion of Caesar, Wyatt bestows on his monarch the qualities of a reputation of greatness and incisive rule. Caesar was, like Henry, a leader early in late teens, a handsome and strong young man and was significant in the political and aesthetic changes and developments of his realm.Both were literate, charismatic and influential. However, other less favorable parallels can be drawn. Both Caesar and Henry VIII incurred huge debt during their respective offices. There were many subjects who were held captive, sometimes executed, on charges of treason. Caesar faced questions regarding his sexuality and his unsuitable choices of women. Wyatt may also be alluding to these less appealing aspects of Caesar in his comparison if we see the suasion in the poem to be borne of frustration and anger. Http://www. Graveside. Mom/collected-poems-of-sir-Thomas-Wyatt/study- guide/sections/ Sonnet 64 discusses the â€Å"lofty towers I see down-razed,† the â€Å"brass† which is â€Å"eternal slave to mortal rage,† or a victim to war, and the destruction of â€Å"the kingdom of the shore† by the â€Å"hungry ocean. † Here again, â€Å"brass, nor stone, nor earth, nor boundless sea† can escape the ravages of ti me. Line 3 asks, â€Å"How with this rage shall beauty hold a plea,† characterizing beauty as the plaintiff in a legal dispute. Time is thus characterized as an unfair warrant, against which delicate beauty stands no chance in court.The legal terminology is continued in the following line with the use of the word â€Å"action. † The idea of time's â€Å"rage† links Sonnet 65 to the previous sonnet. In Sonnet 64, â€Å"brass† is described as an â€Å"eternal slave to mortal rage. † The term â€Å"rage† in association with time is also seen in Sonnet 13, which refers to the â€Å"barren rage of death's eternal cold. † Lines 6-8 present a metaphor of the seizure of a city, which would be the final destruction of war. In line 6, â€Å"the wrathful siege of battering days,† refers to ruin and

Friday, January 3, 2020

Hockey Players Are Pretty Good People - 1536 Words

So this brings up my first point and ethical dilemma; is it right for the NHL to put their players in this town? One can argue that is not the responsibility of the NHL to control the actions of their players, however, is it a good idea to even present the opportunity for a millionaire athlete to be tempted by this excessive town, that is Las Vegas? Generally, hockey players are pretty good people, including professionals playing in the NHL, or instance; P.K. Subban, current Nashville Predator, and former defenseman for the Montreal Canadiens made an outstanding donation of $10-million dollars to the Montreal Children’s Hospital. Nick Foligno, Captain of the Columbus Blue Jackets also donated $1-million dollars to the Boston Children’s Hospital after they treated his daughter for a congenital heart disease, supporting the positive reputation of the players, being mostly, kind-hearted and generous guys off the ice. On the contrary, hockey players are known to have a bit of a reputation for being partiers, Chicago Blackhawks star Patrick Kane has often been spotted having a few more beverages than he should in downtown Chicago, he also got in trouble with the law back in the summer of 2009 for an altercation with a cab driver over $0.20 cents. Not to say that every NHL player that visits, or plays in Las Vegas will be a drug addict and get arrested. Nonetheless, by the NHL placing the Golden Knights franchise in Las Vegas, it presents a lot of temptation for these youngShow MoreRelatedLeadership : The Best Hockey Player Of All Time1463 Words   |  6 PagesLeadership means different things to different people. To us it is not about managing or directing people. It is about the ability to inspire and influence others towards the leader’s goal and vision. A leader in sports has the same characteristics as a leader who works in an office. 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